Dual-Band CPW Graphene Antenna for Smart Cities and IoT Applications

Abstract

In this paper, a dual-band graphene coplanar waveguide antenna is designed for smart cities and internet of things applications. A graphene film is chosen as the conductive material for the radiation patches and ground plane with a thickness of 240 μm and an electric conductivity of 3.5 × 105 S/m. The dielectric is glass with a dielectric permittivity of 6 and a thickness of 2 mm. The implementation of the antenna on glass permits the integration of the antenna in smart cities and IoT applications. This antenna is based on two trapezoidal patches that generate the dual-band behavior. The overall dimensions of the antenna are 30 mm × 30 mm × 2 mm. The reflection coefficient, gain, and radiation patterns were measured and compared with the simulations. The antenna covers two frequency bands; the lower band covers the 2.45 GHz ISM band, and the upper band range covers from 4 to 7 GHz.

New Advances in Antenna Design toward Wearable Devices Based on Nanomaterials

“…Specifically, wearable antennas can adapt to various frequency bands and are perfectly compatible with current wireless communication standards such as 5G and Wi-Fi [107,108]. For IoT applications, these antennas not only provide stable wireless connections but also contribute to the miniaturization of the overall devices [109]. Additionally, graphene antennas offer greater data throughput and a wider connection range, expanding possibilities for wearable technology, smart cities, and autonomous vehicles [110,111].…”

Miniaturized On-Ground 2.4 GHz IoT LTCC Chip Antenna and Its Positioning on a Ground Plane

“…Regarding dual-band solutions [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ], several antennas have been proposed to cover two ISM/Wi-Fi/WLAN bands. In [ 13 ], a textile PIFA antenna is analyzed with a 140 × 80 × 6 mm size covering the 433 MHZ and 2.4 GHz ISM bands.…”

Benefits of Printed Graphene with Variable Resistance for Flexible and Ecological 5G Band Antennas

“…Graphene flakes can be used as the basic material for printing, which allows using a relatively cheap tunable 2D printing technology (inkjet and screen). So, these technologies are widely used for the creation of antennas [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ].…”

“…A flexible and low-profile dual-band antenna based on highly conductive graphene-assembled films for 5G Wi-Fi applications and the operating frequency of 2.4–2.45 GHz and 5.15–7.1 GHz is proposed in Refs. [ 5 , 18 , 19 ]. Finally, the designs of graphene antennas allow one to vary operation in the frequency range of 2–14 GHz [ 1 , 19 , 20 , 21 ].…”