Dual chamber cardiac pacing in children: Single chamber pacing dual chamber sensing cardiac pacemaker or dual chamber pacing and sensing cardiac pacemaker?

Abstract

Dual chamber pacing in children with DDD or VDD pacemakers is a suitable method for bradycardia treatment. Atrial sensing problems may occur in VDD pacemakers. Therefore, DDD pacing mode should be preferred whenever suitable for the patient to maintain the AV synchrony.

Health-Related Quality of Life in Pacemaker Patients: A Single and Multidimensional Self-Rated Health Comparison Study

“…The patients with DDD systems (13%) experienced higher HRQoL than those with VVI systems, which can be due to the fact that most of the younger patients had DDD systems. The younger patients probably experienced the greatest difference [4], as previously they had often developed a sudden slow pulse with dizziness or fainting, but with the DDD system, and sinus rate variability, they had regained the chance for normal physical activity and a return to work. These findings have also been confirmed by Sheldon et al [44].…”

Rate‐adapting pacing in a 7‐year‐old boy using ventricular contractility information

“…In the first decade the use of single‐chamber, accelerometric rate‐responsive PM (ventricular pacing, ventricular sensing, inhibition response, rate‐adaptive; VVIR) is an adequate and cost‐effective solution: only a few VVIR patients report PM symptoms within 10 years after implantation 2 . Notwithstanding these interesting results, the benefit of dual‐chamber rate‐responsive pacing (atrial and ventricular pacing, atrial and ventricular sensing, inhibition and tracking response, rate‐adaptive; DDDR), particularly in adolescents and young adults, would suggest the upgrading procedure 3,4 . This procedure involves various complications, mainly related to the choice and positioning of leads 5,6 .…”

“…2 Notwithstanding these interesting results, the benefi t of dual-chamber rate-responsive pacing (atrial and ventricular pacing, atrial and ventricular sensing, inhibition and tracking response, rate-adaptive; DDDR ), particularly in adolescents and young adults, would suggest the upgrading procedure. 3,4 This procedure involves various complications, mainly related to the choice and positioning of leads. 5,6 Newgeneration rate-responsive PM induce physiologic pacing by adapting the pacing rate upon the indirect measurement of the ventricular contractility (closed loop stimulation, CLS).…”

Maintenance of AV Synchrony in a Small Child Utilizing Two Pacemakers and the Triggered VVT Mode:

“…Recently, multiple studies have evaluated the feasibility of utilizing a single implanted lead to provide single chamber pacing / dual chamber sensing (VDD) or even dual chamber pacing without a second lead. Unfortunately, the majority of these studies continue to document problems with poor atrial sensing and high‐capture thresholds, as well as a propensity for phrenic nerve stimulation 10,11 . The use of triggered VVT pacing is a seldom used pacing modality that can have advantages in select situations.…”