Dual-Channel Wavelength-Division Multiplexing Using a Composite Resonator Vertical-Cavity Laser

Young, E.; Grasso, D.M.; Lehman, A.C.; Choquette, Kent D.

doi:10.1109/lpt.2004.824966

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The latest advances in long-wavelength VCSELs, aimed to Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) systems, have contributed to enlarge the efforts to optimize the modelling (Chow et al 2004), design (Young et al 2004) and fabrication procedures (Young et al 2003). All the known features of typical VCSELs, including capacity for integration into two-dimensional arrays, testability, low-power dissipation and low-divergence circular output beams, are compatible with the emerging market of high speed optical communications (Geske et al 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A typical VCSEL has no multi-longitudinal mode behaviour, because of the short cavity length, but there is a widely reported multi-transverse mode operation which can degrade the laser performance (Yu and Lo 1996;Valle 1998;Vukusic et al 2001;Gustavsson et al 2002;Zhang et al 2004). On the other hand, each mode has a different oscillation frequency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the same time, the carrier density profile determines the particular gain of each mode (Valle 1998;Gustavsson et al 2002;Zhang et al 2004) and serves to connect the different modes, favouring one against others (Valle 1998;Gustavsson et al 2002;Zhang et al 2004). In these VCSEL models it is very common to assume that the gain characteristic of the quantum wells is uniform in the band of interest (Yu and Lo 1996;Valle 1998Valle , 2002Zhang et al 2004). However, it is well known that the gain spectrum is an important factor in oscillation regimes nearing the threshold.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Multi-transverse Mode Operation in Vertical-cavity Surface-emitting Lasers: Effects of Wideband Modelling on Spectral Characteristics and Noise

Sabugo-Luis

España-Boquera

2006

Opt Quant Electron

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A dynamic model for the vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser aimed to study the precise oscillation frequencies of the transverse modes is presented. The model performs the computation of the longitudinal distribution of the field inside the laser cavity, to take account of distributed boundary conditions at the Bragg reflectors. The latter are approximated by means of autoregressive moving-average (ARMA) digital filters, in order to reduce the computational load without loss of precision in wideband scenarios. With the aid of the developed model, a detailed analysis of the frequency and relative intensity noise spectra is carried out, thus allowing to evaluate the spectral quality of the laser emission. Particularly, the results reveal that each of the transverse modes oscillates with a frequency detuning from the central design wavelength, which is in good agreement with experimental observation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Multi-transverse Mode Operation in Vertical-cavity Surface-emitting Lasers: Effects of Wideband Modelling on Spectral Characteristics and Noise

Sabugo-Luis

España-Boquera

2006

Opt Quant Electron

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“…Some particularly attractive properties of CRVCLs include wavelength switching between two longitudinal modes [2], Q-switching [3], and high single-mode power [4]. Applications include wavelength division multiplexing [5] and optical modulation using polarization switching [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Threshold gain temperature dependence of composite resonator vertical-cavity lasers

Lehman

Choquette

2005

IEEE J. Select. Topics Quantum Electron.

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Abstract-Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) with two optically coupled but electrically isolated cavities form composite resonator vertical-cavity lasers (CRVCLs). These devices may lase at one of two wavelengths depending on the bias conditions to the two cavities and temperature. A model of the modal gain is presented, which explains the lasing wavelength at threshold based on the spatial and spectral overlap of the microcavity optical modes with the two gain regions.

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“…VCSEL modulation at higher speeds is desired to satisfy the increasing demand for information bandwidth. Recently the VCSEL consisting of two optical cavities has demonstrated abili ties to achieve higher speed modulation [1 -3], as well as to provide additional functionalities for optical communications [4][5][6][7][8]. Specifically, the VCSEL with an optically coupled -cavity structure is known as the composite -resonator verticalcavity laser s (CRVCLs).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

High speed modulation of coupled cavity VCSELs

Choquette

Chen

Plant

2010

Asia Communications and Photonics Conference and Exhibition

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Composite resonator vertical cavity lasers enable several modulation methods that lead to high speed performance and can be conf igured to perform different functionalities for data communications. In particular, push/pull modulation can produce modulation of the light output without changing the total carrier and photon densities in the laser.The v ertical-cavity surface -emitting laser (VCSEL) is the dominant source for short -haul optical communication . VCSEL modulation at higher speeds is desired to satisfy the increasing demand for information bandwidth. Recently the VCSEL consisting of two optical cavities has demonstrated abili ties to achieve higher speed modulation [1 -3], as well as to provide additional functionalities for optical communications [4][5][6][7][8]. Specifically, the VCSEL with an optically coupled -cavity structure is known as the composite -resonator verticalcavity laser s (CRVCLs). We review the various approaches for laser modulation in these devices, as well as new functionality such as microwave mixing and the generation of 10 Gb/s three -or four -level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) signaling. These unique functionalit ies make the CRVCL attractive for future optical systems and potentially can address low power data center applications. Fig. 1 illustrates the stru cture of the CRVCL which we have studied . The CRVCL is composed of a monolithic bottom p -type distributed Br agg reflector (DBR) with 35 periods, a middle n -type DBR with 12.5 periods, and an upper p -type DBR with 22 periods. The middle DBR mirror separate s two optical cavities, each of which contains five GaAs/Al 0.2 Ga 0.8 As quantum wells. An 8 8 implant and 5 5 oxide aperture are formed in the upper and bottom mesa, respectively. The g round-signal-signal-ground (GSSG) coplanar waveguide contacts are deposited to facilitate high -speed signaling into both cavities as shown in Fig.1 (b). Fig. 1: (a) Sketch and (b) scanning electron micrograph of a CRVCL with GSSG high -speed contacts on the planarized surface.The CRVCL can be modulated by: (i) varying current injection into the top or bottom cavity [1,5]; (ii) varying the reverse bias into one or the other cavity [2,3,6]; (iii) a combination of simultaneous current injection and reverse bias into the cavities. As a special case, the CRVCL cavities can be directly modulated by two out -ofphase electrical signals [8]. The amplitude ratio between the two direct mo dulation signals can be adjusted such that there is no net change in the carrier and photon densities inside the laser, and thus the RO frequency is suppressed . The laser output modulation occurs by varying the longitudinal mode profile in the cavities. The longitudinal optical mode is either 'pushed' toward the laser output facet produ cing higher output p ower, or is 'pulled' toward the substrate side producing lower output power. Fig. 2 (a) illustrates the input modulation signals into the CRVCL. The peak-to-peak input voltage is 1.55 V a nd 1.02 V, and the diff erential series resistance is 95 0 ohm...

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Dual-Channel Wavelength-Division Multiplexing Using a Composite Resonator Vertical-Cavity Laser

Cited by 11 publications

References 10 publications

Multi-transverse Mode Operation in Vertical-cavity Surface-emitting Lasers: Effects of Wideband Modelling on Spectral Characteristics and Noise

Multi-transverse Mode Operation in Vertical-cavity Surface-emitting Lasers: Effects of Wideband Modelling on Spectral Characteristics and Noise

Threshold gain temperature dependence of composite resonator vertical-cavity lasers

High speed modulation of coupled cavity VCSELs

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