Mechanical models of deceleration meshing pair and equal-speed meshing pair are derived using the rigidity coefficient and static equilibrium conditions of plate (fixed plate, output shaft, or plane plate). The elastic angles are obtained, and their manner of variation is analyzed. With the variation in system parameters, the manner of variation in the whole elastic angle of a cycloid ball planetary transmission is studied. For different axial pretightening forces, the variation in the whole elastic angle is tested with increase in torque, and the experimental test values are compared with those calculated theoretically. The results show that a necessary and sufficient condition for continuous transmission of a cycloid ball planetary transmission is to load the larger of the maximum values of the minimum axial pretightening forces of the deceleration and equal-speed meshing pairs. For fixed parameter values, the elastic angle of the ring-groove equal-speed meshing pair is smaller than that of cross-slide-groove. With increase in the short amplitude coefficient, the axial pretightening force, and the rolling-circle radius, the whole elastic angle decreases. With increase in the angle between the common normal line and the plate plane (b), the whole elastic angle increases. The experimental results validate the correctness of the elastic angle mathematical model.