DUAL INFECTION OF AN AFRICAN FISH EAGLE WITH ACID-FAST BACILLI AND AN Aspergillus SP.

Kaliner, G.; Cooper, John E.

doi:10.7589/0090-3558-9.1.51

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…According to the distribution of the lesions, the affected birds probably contracted the infection by ingestion. However, due to the presence of lesions in the lungs in one-third of the cases, an inhalation route should not be excluded (Kaliner & Cooper, 1973).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in free-living raptors, cases are only sporadically reported. Kaliner & Cooper (1973) detected a case of AM in an African fish eagle (Haliaeetus vocifer). In North America, single cases of AM were reported in two red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis) (Emerson et al, 1970;Sykes, 1982) and in two American bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) (Hoenerhoff et al, 2004;Heatley et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Avian mycobacteriosis in free-living raptors in Majorca Island, Spain

Millán

Negre²,

Castellanos

et al. 2010

Avian Pathology

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Avian mycobacteriosis is a chronic, infectious disease caused by different species of mycobacteria, usually belonging to the Mycobacterium avium complex. From 2004 to 2007, 589 raptors brought dead or sick to a wildlife rehabilitation centre in Majorca (Balearic Islands, Spain) were necropsied. The birds belonged to 12 different species, chiefly common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) (n0297), scops owl (Otus scops) (n 0109), barn owl (Tyto alba) (n 075), long-eared owl (Asio otus) (n 058), peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) (n 027), and booted eagle (Hieraaetus pennatus) (n013). Gross lesions compatible with mycobacteriosis were observed in 14 birds (2.4%) found in several locations in Majorca. They were 12 kestrels (prevalence in this species, 4.0%), one long-eared owl (1.7%) and one scops owl (0.9%), all the birds presenting whiteÁyellowish nodules from pinpoint size to 1 cm in diameter in diverse organs, mainly in the liver, spleen and intestine. Affected organs were subjected to bacteriology and molecular identification by polymerase chain reaction and, in all cases, infection with M. avium subspecies avium was confirmed. The observed prevalences are similar to those previously observed in Holland, although the actual prevalence detected in this study is likely to be higher than reported because only birds with gross lesions were subjected to culture. Further molecular characterization with a set of six mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unitÁvariable number tandem repeat loci was used to sub-type the isolates in order to show the existence of possible epidemiological links. Six different genotypes were found, which points to infection from multiple foci. No temporal or geographical aggregation of the cases was observed to be associated with the presence of positive birds or with the different variable number tandem repeat allelic profiles. The most feasible origin might be water or food sources, although the reservoir of mycobacteria remains unknown.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avian mycobacteriosis in free-living raptors in Majorca Island, Spain

Millán

Negre²,

Castellanos

et al. 2010

Avian Pathology

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“…Mycobacterial infection has been reported in parrots (11,19,25,35), raptors (2,9,19,22,23,25,27,29,31,(36)(37)(38), doves and pigeons (2,19,28,39), cranes (27,33,34,36,40,41), musofagides and ratites (42,43), ducks (11,26,44), songbirds (11,26), toucans (45), flamingos (46)(47)(48)(49) and turkeys (21).…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MAC (and more recently M. genavense) is the mycobacteria which has been most commonly isolated from domestic and wild birds and humans (Table 1) (10,13,15,20,21,22). Some zoos have set up avian mycobacterial collections of valuable specimens catalogued as being rare or in danger of extinction.…”

Section: Avian Mycobacteriosismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mycobacteriosis in Wild Birds: the Potential risk of Disseminating a Little-known Infectious Disease

Soler¹,

Brieva²,

Ribón³

2009

Rev. salud pública

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Avian mycobacteriosis is important for animal and human health; wild birds play an important role in mycobacterial species' ecology and movement. This review was aimed at reporting the role of birds in the spread of avian mycobacteriosis in human and animal populations at risk and thus a systematic review was made of PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo and Scirus databases. Mycobacteria are classified into the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and non-tuberculous mycobacteria; the Mycobacterium avium complex represents the most important part of the latter because it is primarily responsible for mycobacterial infection in wild birds and is a potential pathogen for mammals, especially for immunocompromised patients. The clinical signs in birds are variable as it is a chronic and debilitating disease, involving emaciated carcasses, white nodules in different organs and microscopically it presents granulomatosous multifocal inflammation. Diagnosis begins by suspicion based on clinical signs and finishes with microbiological confirmation. New diagnostic techniques include testing with DNA-RNA probes. No effective treatment is currently available and chemoprophylaxis on suspicion of infection is not recommended at the start; these factors increase the potential risk of mycobacteriosis becoming one of the most frequently documented zoonotic diseases which is difficult to treat in birds and humans. Recent concern regarding mycobacterial infection lies in the increased frequency of these opportunistic infections occurring in immunocompromised individuals and these infections' potential impact on bird conservation, this being increased by greater contact between humans and wild and captive birds.

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Birds of Prey

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DUAL INFECTION OF AN AFRICAN FISH EAGLE WITH ACID-FAST BACILLI AND AN Aspergillus SP.

Cited by 18 publications

References 1 publication

Avian mycobacteriosis in free-living raptors in Majorca Island, Spain

Avian mycobacteriosis in free-living raptors in Majorca Island, Spain

Mycobacteriosis in Wild Birds: the Potential risk of Disseminating a Little-known Infectious Disease

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