Dual-layered electrospun nanofibrous membranes for membrane distillation

Khayet, M.; Garcı́a-Payo, M.C.; García-Fernández, L.; Contreras-Martínez, Jorge

doi:10.1016/j.desal.2017.10.036

Cited by 104 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…graphene) to the electrospun PVDF nanofibres, whereby the LEP of superhydrophobic membrane and pristine PVDF nanofibres were 130 ± 5 kPa and 66 ± 4 kPa, respectively . The LEP values reported in this study were comparable to other electrospun PVDF nanofibre membranes presented in the literature . Remarkably, these LEP values were lower than the recommended values (≥ 250 kPa) for MD application and thus require further optimization.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 61%

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Enhanced flux in direct contact membrane distillation using superhydrophobic PVDF nanofibre membranes embedded with organically modified SiO₂ nanoparticles

Nthunya

Gutierrez

Verliefde

et al. 2019

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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BACKGOUND Membrane distillation (MD) is a promising low‐cost and efficient desalination process, yet it has not been fully implemented at an industrial scale. Membrane wetting and low porosity are limiting factors leading to low water recovery rates. The current study involved the synthesis of membranes that combined high mechanical stability, porosity and superhydrophobicity, to prevent wetting, with high salt rejection and water flux. RESULTS Silica nanoparticles (SiO2NPs) were synthesized by a novel green chemistry procedure, modified with three different silane reagents [octadecyltrimethoxysilane, N‐octadecyltrichlorosilane (ODTS) and chlorodimethyl‐octadecyl silane] and finally embedded on polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanofibre membranes using an in‐situ electrospinning technique. These modified membranes displayed a Young's modulus of ∼43 MPa and showed highly porous properties (∼80% porosity, 1.24–1.41 μm pore sizes) and superhydrophobic surfaces (contact angle >150o); thus possessing parameters falling within the range of highly recommended values in MD. Remarkably, the concentration of modified SiO2NPs used to produce the superhydrophobic PVDF nanofibre membranes was significantly lower (1% w/w) than those reported in the literature (3–4% w/w), clearly indicating the efficiency of these silane reagents. CONCLUSION Membranes embedded with ODTS‐modified SiO2NPs were the most efficient; rejecting salts at high efficiencies (>99.9%) with water fluxes of ≈34.2 LMH at 60 °C, thus indicating their capacity as an energy‐efficient process to produce high purity water. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 61%

“…52 The LEP values reported in this study were comparable to other electrospun PVDF nanofibre membranes presented in the literature. 53,54 Remarkably, these LEP values were lower than the recommended values (≥ 250 kPa) for MD application 13,15,55 and thus require further optimization.…”

Section: Lep Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Enhanced flux in direct contact membrane distillation using superhydrophobic PVDF nanofibre membranes embedded with organically modified SiO₂ nanoparticles

Nthunya

Gutierrez

Verliefde

et al. 2019

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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“…Membrane Distillation (MD) is a membrane-based separation technique that uses a hydrophobic porous membrane to separate warm saline feed and cold desalted condensate [4,5]. The membrane allows water vapor to pass through its pores due to the difference in vapor pressure across its sides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hydrophobicity of the membrane retains liquid water from entering the membrane pores and flowing through its bulk structure. MD configurations include vacuum membrane distillation, sweeping gas membrane distillation, air gap membrane distillation, and direct contact membrane distillation [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Triple-Layer Nanocomposite Membrane Prepared by Electrospinning Based on Modified PES with Carbon Nanotubes for Membrane Distillation Applications

et al. 2020

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In this work, a novel triple-layer nanocomposite membrane prepared with polyethersulfone (PES)/carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as the primary bulk material and poly (vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoro propylene) (PcH)/CNTs as the outer and inner surfaces of the membrane by using electrospinning method is introduced. Modified PES with CNTs was chosen as the bulk material of the triple-layer membrane to obtain a high porosity membrane. Both the upper and lower surfaces of the triple-layer membrane were coated with PcH/CNTs using electrospinning to get a triple-layer membrane with high total porosity and noticeable surface hydrophobicity. Combining both characteristics, next to an acceptable bulk hydrophobicity, resulted in a compelling membrane for membrane distillation (MD) applications. The prepared membrane was utilized in a direct contact MD system, and its performance was evaluated in different salt solution concentrations, feed velocities and feed solution temperatures. The results of the prepared membrane in this study were compared to those reported in previously published papers. Based on the evaluated membrane performance, the triple-layer nanocomposite membrane can be considered as a potential alternative with reasonable cost, relative to other MD membranes.

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“…MD designs resemble counter-current heat exchangers with a liquid-repelling membrane and channel on the hot fluid side [10][11][12], where heat transfer across the membrane ideally occurs mostly by evaporation and condensation of pure water [13][14][15][16][17]. Of the MD configurations developed, air gap MD (AGMD) is one of the most common and has been shown to have the greatest potential for high thermal efficiency under more saline conditions [6,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive condensation flow regimes in air gap membrane distillation: Visualization and energy efficiency

Warsinger

Swaminathan

Morales

et al. 2018

Journal of Membrane Science

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The thermal performance of air gap membrane distillation (AGMD) desalination is dominated by heat and mass transfer across the air gap between the membrane and the condensing surface. However, little is known about the impact of condensate flow patterns in some design variations of the air gap. In this study, air gap membrane distillation experiments were performed at various inlet temperatures, varying module inclination angle, condensing surface hydrophobicity, and gap spacer design to identify the effect of each on the permeate production rate and thermal efficiency of the system. Energy efficiency modeling was performed as well. Additionally, this study is one of the first with enhanced visualization of flow patterns within the air gap itself, by using a transparent, high thermal conductivity sapphire plate as the condenser surface. System-level numerical modeling is used to further understand the impact of these flow regimes on overall energy efficiency, including flux and GOR. A brief review of membrane distillation condensation regimes is provided as well. For tilting the AGMD flat-plate module, permeate flux was barely influenced except at extreme positive angles (>80ᵒ), and moderate negative angles (<-30ᵒ), where condensate fell onto the membrane surface. The surface with the hydrophobic coating (for dropwise condensation) was shown to have better droplet shedding (with very small nearly spherical droplets) and fewer droplets bridging the gap. Superhydrophobic surfaces (for jumping droplet condensation) were similar, with much smaller droplet sizes. Meanwhile, the hydrophilic surface for small gap sizes (< 3 mm) often had pinned regions of water around the hydrophilic surface and plastic spacer. Overall, the various results imply that the common assumption of a laminar condensate film poorly describes the flow patterns in real systems for all tilt angles and most spacer designs. Real system performance is likely to be between that of pure AGMD and permeate gap membrane distillation (PGMD) variants, and modeling shows that better condensing in air gaps may improve system energy efficiency significantly, with strong relative advantages at high salinity.

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Dual-layered electrospun nanofibrous membranes for membrane distillation

Cited by 104 publications

References 69 publications

Enhanced flux in direct contact membrane distillation using superhydrophobic PVDF nanofibre membranes embedded with organically modified SiO₂ nanoparticles

Enhanced flux in direct contact membrane distillation using superhydrophobic PVDF nanofibre membranes embedded with organically modified SiO₂ nanoparticles

Triple-Layer Nanocomposite Membrane Prepared by Electrospinning Based on Modified PES with Carbon Nanotubes for Membrane Distillation Applications

Comprehensive condensation flow regimes in air gap membrane distillation: Visualization and energy efficiency

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Dual-layered electrospun nanofibrous membranes for membrane distillation

Cited by 104 publications

References 69 publications

Enhanced flux in direct contact membrane distillation using superhydrophobic PVDF nanofibre membranes embedded with organically modified SiO2 nanoparticles

Enhanced flux in direct contact membrane distillation using superhydrophobic PVDF nanofibre membranes embedded with organically modified SiO2 nanoparticles

Triple-Layer Nanocomposite Membrane Prepared by Electrospinning Based on Modified PES with Carbon Nanotubes for Membrane Distillation Applications

Comprehensive condensation flow regimes in air gap membrane distillation: Visualization and energy efficiency

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Product

Resources

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Enhanced flux in direct contact membrane distillation using superhydrophobic PVDF nanofibre membranes embedded with organically modified SiO₂ nanoparticles

Enhanced flux in direct contact membrane distillation using superhydrophobic PVDF nanofibre membranes embedded with organically modified SiO₂ nanoparticles