Dual-Mode Photoelectrochemical and Electrochemical Immunosensors for Human Epididymis Protein 4 Based on SPR-Promoted Au Nanoparticle/CdS Nanosheet Heterostructures

Abstract

As a promising biomarker, human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) shows wide applications for early diagnosis and therapy of ovarian cancer. Herein, heterostructured Au nanoparticles/CdS nanosheet (Au NPs/CdS NS) were initially constructed by two-step electrodeposition and used to build photoelectrochemical (PEC) and electrochemical (EC) dual-mode immunosensors for the detection of HE4. As one of appealing properties, surface Plasmon resonance (SPR) effects of Au NPs endowed the Au NPs/ CdS NS heterostructures with highly enhanced PEC and EC signals upon light irradiation, which were gradually weakened by elevating the HE4 concentrations. Under the optimal conditions, the dual-mode sensor displayed wider linear ranges of 0.01−100 and 0.01−200 ng mL −1 for PEC and EC modes, respectively. The detection limits were 1.084 and 1.188 pg mL −1 for PEC and EC detections, respectively. This sensing platform holds great potential for the analysis of other biomarkers in the clinical field.

Electrochemical and Photoelectrochemical Immunosensors for the Detection of Ovarian Cancer Biomarkers

“…The team reported that it could distinguish different stages of ovarian cancer from healthy people and that the result obtained matched well with those of electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Most interestingly, Wei et al [159] recently described a simple label-free PEC-EC dual mode immunosensing technique for the detection of HE4 using composites of AuNPs and CdS nanosheets (AuNPs/CdS NSs). The composite was applied onto an FTO electrode through a two-step electrodeposition followed by sequential immobilization of HE4 antibody and BSA and successive HE4 capturing via immunorecognition.…”

Au Nanoparticles-Decorated BiOI Nanosheet Arrays for Cathodic Photoelectrochemical Dopamine Sensors

“…As an emerging technology, photoelectrochemical (PEC) technology has been applied for solar cells, carbon dioxide reduction, , pollutant degradation, and analysis. , Particularly, PEC sensors that combine the PEC principle and chemo/biosensing technology have attracted substantial attention of researchers owing to their high sensitivity and fast response. Additionally, their facile operation, simple equipment, low cost, and low background signal have opened up new applications in immunoassays, environmental monitoring, biomolecular assays, and food safety detection. − In a PEC sensing system, target analytes are quantified using the variation in photocurrents of photoelectrodes under light radiation.…”

Co9S8 nanoparticle-functionalized CdS nanoflowers for signal-off photoelectrochemical bioanalysis of carcinoembryonic antigens with hybridization chain reaction

“…due to its excellent light-capturing capacity in the visible light region and suitable energy band position. [21][22][23] Unfortunately, the insufficient separation of electron-hole pairs and the surface photocorrosion phenomenon that easily occurs under prolonged intense light irradiation restrict its further use. [22][23][24] Accordingly, a number of innovative strategies, such as modulating the morphologies, elemental doping, surface sensitization, and constructing heterostructures, have been explored to reduce the impact of the above-mentioned drawbacks on its performance.…”

“…[21][22][23] Unfortunately, the insufficient separation of electron-hole pairs and the surface photocorrosion phenomenon that easily occurs under prolonged intense light irradiation restrict its further use. [22][23][24] Accordingly, a number of innovative strategies, such as modulating the morphologies, elemental doping, surface sensitization, and constructing heterostructures, have been explored to reduce the impact of the above-mentioned drawbacks on its performance. 25,26 It is worth noting that the formation of heterostructures by combining two or more semiconductors is considered as one of the most straightforward approaches to improve the PEC properties.…”