Dual origins of the Northwest Chinese Kyrgyz: the admixture of Bronze age Siberian and Medieval Niru’un Mongolian Y chromosomes

Wen, Shaoqing; Du, Pengfei; Sun, Chang; Cui, Wei; Xu, Yiran; Meng, Hailiang; Shi, Meisen; Zhu, Bofeng; Li, Hui

doi:10.1038/s10038-021-00979-x

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…According to Seidualy et al (Seidualy et al, 2020), the Kazakh population has a mixed ancestry containing East Asian (32.8%), European (30.8%), North Asians (28.9%), and South Asians (6%). Wen et al (Wen et al, 2021) found that the Northwest Chinese Kyrgyz showed a high percentage of Y haplogroup R1a1a1b2a2a-Z2125, which is related to Bronze Age Siberians, while the second dominant haplogroup was C2b1a3a1-F3796, related to Medieval Niru'un Mongols, such as the Uissun tribe from Kazakhs. Again, Wen et al (Wen et al, 2020) found that the Kazakh population from China showed the highest frequency (80%) of haplogroup C2b1a3a1-F3796 (previous C3*-Star Cluster) which is predominantly found in Mongolian descendent populations.…”

Section: -Xinjiang and Worldwide Population Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED: The Heart of Silk Road “Xinjiang,” Its Genetic Portray, and Forensic Parameters Inferred From Autosomal STRs

et al. 2021

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The Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China (XUARC) harbors almost 50 ethnic groups including the Uyghur (UGR: 45.84%), Han (HAN: 40.48%), Kazakh (KZK: 6.50%), Hui (HUI: 4.51%), Kyrgyz (KGZ: 0.86%), Mongol (MGL: 0.81%), Manchu (MCH: 0.11%), and Uzbek (UZK: 0.066%), which make it one of the most colorful regions with abundant cultural and genetic diversities. In our previous study, we established allelic frequency databases for 14 autosomal short tandem repeats (STRs) for four minority populations from XUARC (MCH, KGZ, MGL, and UZK) using the AmpFlSTR® Identifiler PCR Amplification Kit. In this study, we genotyped 2,121 samples using the GoldenEye™ 20A Kit (Beijing PeopleSpot Inc., Beijing, China) amplifying 19 autosomal STR loci for four major ethnic groups (UGR, HAN, KZK, and HUI). These groups make up 97.33% of the total XUARC population. The total number of alleles for all the 19 STRs in these populations ranged from 232 (HAN) to 224 (KZK). We did not observe any departures from the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) in these populations after sequential Bonferroni correction. We did find minimal departure from linkage equilibrium (LE) for a small number of pairwise combinations of loci. The match probabilities for the different populations ranged from 1 in 1.66 × 1023 (HAN) to 6.05 × 1024 (HUI), the combined power of exclusion ranged from 0.999 999 988 (HUI) to 0.999 999 993 (UGR), and the combined power of discrimination ranged from 0.999 999 999 999 999 999 999 983 (HAN) to 0.999 999 999 999 999 999 999 997 (UGR). Genetic distances, principal component analysis (PCA), STRUCTURE analysis, and the phylogenetic tree showed that genetic affinity among studied populations is consistent with linguistic, ethnic, and geographical classifications.

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Section: -Xinjiang and Worldwide Population Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED: The Heart of Silk Road “Xinjiang,” Its Genetic Portray, and Forensic Parameters Inferred From Autosomal STRs

et al. 2021

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“…Although gene flow is common, the genetic relationships among populations are still closely related to the language category. For example, the Tajik people are genetically related to other Indo-European-speaking populations [ 28 , 30 , 37 ], while many genetic components from Siberia have been detected in the Kyrgyz people [ 38 ]. In addition, Y-chromosome sequences of specific tribes or family clans have been evaluated to explore the formation of related populations [ 27 , 32 , 33 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ancient Components and Recent Expansion in the Eurasian Heartland: Insights into the Revised Phylogeny of Y-Chromosomes from Central Asia

Zhabagin

Wei

Sabitov

et al. 2022

Genes

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In the past two decades, studies of Y chromosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms (Y-SNPs) and short tandem repeats (Y-STRs) have shed light on the demographic history of Central Asia, the heartland of Eurasia. However, complex patterns of migration and admixture have complicated population genetic studies in Central Asia. Here, we sequenced and analyzed the Y-chromosomes of 187 male individuals from Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Uzbek, Karakalpak, Hazara, Karluk, Tajik, Uyghur, Dungan, and Turkmen populations. High diversity and admixture from peripheral areas of Eurasia were observed among the paternal gene pool of these populations. This general pattern can be largely attributed to the activities of ancient people in four periods, including the Neolithic farmers, Indo-Europeans, Turks, and Mongols. Most importantly, we detected the consistent expansion of many minor lineages over the past thousand years, which may correspond directly to the formation of modern populations in these regions. The newly discovered sub-lineages and variants provide a basis for further studies of the contributions of minor lineages to the formation of modern populations in Central Asia.

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Genetic origins and migration patterns of Xinjiang Mongolian group revealed through Y-chromosome analysis

Wang,

Xie,

Wang

et al. 2024

Front. Ecol. Evol.

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IntroductionThe Xinjiang Mongolians, located along the Silk Road, migrated westward from Northeast Asia in the 13th and 14th centuries. Despite its significance, genetic studies on Xinjiang Mongolians have been limited compared to other Mongolian populations.MethodsIn this study, we analyzed the non-recombining region of the Y-chromosome in 165 Xinjiang Mongolian males using 108 biallelic markers and 44 STRs.Results and discussionOur study identified prevalent haplogroups C2a1a3-F1918 (10%), C2a1a2-M48 (8%), N1a1a-M178 (5%), and R1a1a-M17 (10%) in the Xinjiang Mongolians. Additionally, our study suggested a genetic affinity between Xinjiang Mongolians and Inner Mongolia Mongolian populations, as well as other ethnic groups from northwest China, based on the PCA analysis. The Network analysis revealed distinct branching expansion patterns in haplogroups C2a1a3a-F3796, C2a1a2-M48, and N1a1a-M178, with estimated timeframes aligning with Genghis Khan's invasion of Xinjiang in the Yuan Dynasty. Notably, our analysis of the R1a1a-M17 Network highlighted the role of Xinjiang Mongolians in the expansion of Turkic-speaking populations in Xinjiang and surrounding regions. The integration of ancient DNA data suggested that the high frequency haplogroups C2a1a3a-F3796, C2a1a2-M48, and N1a1a-M178 could be traced back to their origin in Northeast Asia. Furthermore, the estimated TMRCA of haplogroup R1a1a-M17 implied cultural and genetic influences from Turkic populations during the Qagatay Khanate period. Overall, our study provided a genetic explanation for the ethnic origin of Xinjiang Mongolians, highlighting their migration from Northeast Asia and subsequent assimilation with the local populations in Xinjiang.

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Dual origins of the Northwest Chinese Kyrgyz: the admixture of Bronze age Siberian and Medieval Niru’un Mongolian Y chromosomes

Cited by 5 publications

References 38 publications

RETRACTED: The Heart of Silk Road “Xinjiang,” Its Genetic Portray, and Forensic Parameters Inferred From Autosomal STRs

RETRACTED: The Heart of Silk Road “Xinjiang,” Its Genetic Portray, and Forensic Parameters Inferred From Autosomal STRs

Ancient Components and Recent Expansion in the Eurasian Heartland: Insights into the Revised Phylogeny of Y-Chromosomes from Central Asia

Genetic origins and migration patterns of Xinjiang Mongolian group revealed through Y-chromosome analysis

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