Dual real-time in vivo monitoring system of the brain-gut axis

Nishimura, Yuya; Fukuda, Yota; Okonogi, Toya; Yoshikawa, Seiji; Karasuyama, Hajime; Osakabe, Naomi; Ikegaya, Yuji; Sasaki, Takuya; Adachi, Takahiro

doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.01.090

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…To test whether Euglena or paramylon have the potential to stimulate sensory neurons in the intestine, we performed Ca 2+ imaging on primary neurons dissected from the DRG of YC3.60 flox /Nestin-Cre mice [ 32 ] and cultured on a dish for several days [ 35 ]. Euglena induced robust Ca 2+ signaling in the DRG neurons ( Figure 3 a), whereas no Ca 2+ signaling was induced by paramylon ( Figure 3 b), indicating that Euglena stimulates sensory neurons but its component paramylon does not.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The release of neuropeptides from sensory afferents has been associated to nociceptive transmission, energy homeostasis, and longevity [53,54], whereas the vagal afferent is required for the activity of sympathetic nerves innervating brown adipose tissue triggered by a capsaicin analog, indicating that sensory afferents play important roles in inducing autonomous nerve activity [55]. Some prebiotic bacteria have been shown to alter emotional behavior by regulating the vagal nerve [56], whereas capsaicin in hot peppers can trigger Ca 2+ signaling in the intestinal tract, which is transmitted to the nervous system and results in a transient shift toward higher arousal levels in the brain [35]. Further studies will be required to better understand the physiological role of food compound-mediated visceral afferents in homeostasis, behavior, emotion or cognitive function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dorsal root ganglia (DRG) cells were prepared from YC3.60 flox /Nestin-Cre mice as described previously [35]. Briefly, mice were euthanized by cervical dislocation and their DRG excised before being treated with collagenase (1 mg/mL) and trypsin (0.25 mg/mL), as described previously [36].…”

Section: Dorsal Root Ganglia (Drg) Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Euglena Gracilis and β-Glucan Paramylon Induce Ca2+ Signaling in Intestinal Tract Epithelial, Immune, and Neural Cells

Yasuda¹,

Nakashima²,

Murata³

et al. 2020

Nutrients

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The intestinal tract contains over half of all immune cells and peripheral nerves and manages the beneficial interactions between food compounds and the host. Paramylon is a β-1,3-glucan storage polysaccharide from Euglena gracilis (Euglena) that exerts immunostimulatory activities by affecting cytokine production. This study investigated the signaling mechanisms that regulate the beneficial interactions between food compounds and the intestinal tract using cell type-specific calcium (Ca2+) imaging in vivo and in vitro. We successfully visualized Euglena- and paramylon-mediated Ca2+ signaling in vivo in intestinal epithelial cells from mice ubiquitously expressing the Yellow Cameleon 3.60 (YC3.60) Ca2+ biosensor. Moreover, in vivo Ca2+ imaging demonstrated that the intraperitoneal injection of both Euglena and paramylon stimulated dendritic cells (DCs) in Peyer’s patches, indicating that paramylon is an active component of Euglena that affects the immune system. In addition, in vitro Ca2+ imaging in dorsal root ganglia indicated that Euglena, but not paramylon, triggers Ca2+ signaling in the sensory nervous system innervating the intestine. Thus, this study is the first to successfully visualize the direct effect of β-1,3-glucan on DCs in vivo and will help elucidate the mechanisms via which Euglena and paramylon exert various effects in the intestinal tract.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Euglena Gracilis and β-Glucan Paramylon Induce Ca2+ Signaling in Intestinal Tract Epithelial, Immune, and Neural Cells

Yasuda¹,

Nakashima²,

Murata³

et al. 2020

Nutrients

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“…In vivo analyses also revealed that the oral administration of Naturido reversed ageing-related deficits in senescence-accelerated mice. It remains how Naturido acts on CNS by the oral administration, but it is inferred that Naturido brings about bidirectional interactions between the gut and the brain axis [ 48 ]. In summary, the results of these in vitro and in vivo experiments suggest that the novel cyclic peptide Naturido is a valuable and promising therapeutic agent for use in the development of innovative treatments affecting glia-neuron interactions associated with CNS disorders.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel cyclic peptide (Naturido) modulates glia–neuron interactions in vitro and reverses ageing-related deficits in senescence-accelerated mice

Ishiguro¹,

Shinada

et al. 2021

PLoS ONE

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The use of agents that target both glia and neurons may represent a new strategy for the treatment of ageing disorders. Here, we confirmed the presence of the novel cyclic peptide Naturido that originates from a medicinal fungus (Isaria japonica) grown on domestic silkworm (Bombyx mori). We found that Naturido significantly enhanced astrocyte proliferation and activated the single copy gene encoding the neuropeptide VGF and the neuron-derived NGF gene. The addition of the peptide to the culture medium of primary hippocampal neurons increased dendrite length, dendrite number and axon length. Furthermore, the addition of the peptide to primary microglial cultures shifted CGA-activated microglia towards anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective phenotypes. These findings of in vitro glia–neuron interactions led us to evaluate the effects of oral administration of the peptide on brain function and hair ageing in senescence-accelerated mice (SAMP8). In vivo analyses revealed that spatial learning ability and hair quality were improved in Naturido-treated mice compared with untreated mice, to the same level observed in the normal ageing control (SAMR1). These data suggest that Naturido may be a promising glia–neuron modulator for the treatment of not only senescence, but also Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative diseases.

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“…Probiotics, including lactic acid bacteria (LAB), modulate the immune system 8,9 . To analyze their functions, we established various assay systems and methodologies, including intravital imaging of the gut 8,[10][11][12][13][14][15] , transcriptome analyses of immune cells 9 , and generation of genetically-engineered model mice 15 . Using these technologies, we recently found that LAB derived from miso-induced interleukin 22 (IL-22) production in immune cells, thereby resulting in an augmentation of the skin barrier function 8 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Oryza Sativa L. Subsp. Japonica Cultivar Yukihikari on The Immune System

Adachi¹,

Kotake²,

Kato³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Oryza sativa L. subsp. japonica cultivar Yuhikikari is proposed to alleviate atopic dermatitis, although its mechanism is unclear. To clarify this issue, we evaluated the effect of Yukihikari on the immune system in vitro and in vivo by comparison with another Japanese cultivar Kirara397. A DNA microarray analysis of mouse spleen cells cultured with either Yukihikari or Kirara397 showed that Yukihikari-added spleen cells exhibited significantly reduced expression of pro-inflammatory genes. Furthermore, another transcriptome analysis of the cultivars by RNA sequencing showed a similar result to the DNA microarray analysis. Mice fed with Yukihikari had less germinal center B cells, fewer autoantibodies, and less weight than those fed with Kirara397. These results suggest that Yukihikari has immune-regulatory functions and accounts for its allergy-ameliorating effects.

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Dual real-time in vivo monitoring system of the brain-gut axis

Cited by 9 publications

References 28 publications

Euglena Gracilis and β-Glucan Paramylon Induce Ca2+ Signaling in Intestinal Tract Epithelial, Immune, and Neural Cells

Euglena Gracilis and β-Glucan Paramylon Induce Ca2+ Signaling in Intestinal Tract Epithelial, Immune, and Neural Cells

A novel cyclic peptide (Naturido) modulates glia–neuron interactions in vitro and reverses ageing-related deficits in senescence-accelerated mice

The Effect of Oryza Sativa L. Subsp. Japonica Cultivar Yukihikari on The Immune System

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Dual real-time in vivo monitoring system of the brain-gut axis

Cited by 9 publications

References 28 publications

Euglena Gracilis and β-Glucan Paramylon Induce Ca2+ Signaling in Intestinal Tract Epithelial, Immune, and Neural Cells

Euglena Gracilis and β-Glucan Paramylon Induce Ca2+ Signaling in Intestinal Tract Epithelial, Immune, and Neural Cells

A novel cyclic peptide (Naturido) modulates glia–neuron interactions in vitro and reverses ageing-related deficits in senescence-accelerated mice

The Effect of Oryza Sativa&nbsp;L. Subsp.&nbsp;Japonica&nbsp;Cultivar Yukihikari on The Immune System

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The Effect of Oryza Sativa L. Subsp. Japonica Cultivar Yukihikari on The Immune System