Dual source co-electrospun tubular scaffold generated from gelatin-vinyl acetate and poly-ɛ-caprolactone for smooth muscle cell mediated blood vessel engineering

Chitosan Hydrogel as Tissue Engineering Scaffolds for Vascular Regeneration Applications

“…The repair, maintenance, and improvement of damaged tissues and organs by tissue engineering frequently necessitates the regeneration or remodeling of blood vessels in these tissues [29,30]. The vascular regeneration and remodeling benefit the repair of the structure and function of damaged tissues and organs.…”

“…Vascular remodeling involves macrovascular and microvascular remodeling. For the remodeling of macrovascular vessels following the implantation of artificial vessel and vascular stents, extensive studies primarily focus on the performance of vascular grafts, such as the mechanical properties, anti-coagulation, anti-proliferation, and pro-endothelialization [29][30][31]. The interactions among implant materials, blood, endothelial cells (ECs), and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) play vital roles in macrovascular remodeling [29,32].…”

“…For the remodeling of macrovascular vessels following the implantation of artificial vessel and vascular stents, extensive studies primarily focus on the performance of vascular grafts, such as the mechanical properties, anti-coagulation, anti-proliferation, and pro-endothelialization [29][30][31]. The interactions among implant materials, blood, endothelial cells (ECs), and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) play vital roles in macrovascular remodeling [29,32]. In particular, the design and fabrication of vascular grafts should aim to optimize the interactions between the implant materials and the host's intra-biological environment to ensure the long-term success of these devices.…”

Electrospun nanofibers for manipulating soft tissue regeneration

“…In addition, the electrospun fiber network can be modified with bioactive functionalities to enhance cellular affinity, impart anticoagulant properties, and promote endothelialization. 197 Different types of cells can also be integrated into the multiple layers of one tube to mimic the multiple layer structure of a natural blood vessel. The mechanical properties of the artificial blood vessel based on electrospun fibers can be maintained and regulated to assure the mechanical stability and match with those of the native tissue.…”

Application of Electrospinning in Antibacterial Field

“…However, the CS/PEO nanofibers doped with cerium bioactive glass prepared by Saatchi eliminated the inherent toxicity of the residual solvents and promoted the adhesion and expansion of cells on the fiber scaffolds. The gelatin/vinyl acetate and PCL scaffolds prepared by Thottapellil et al could meet the various properties of vascular grafts, such as mechanical properties, degradability, promoting of cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation [ 226 ]. The characteristics of the scaffolds and non-synthetic nature of smooth muscle cells formed the basis of the generation of grafts based on the ‘outside-in strategy’, which was helpful to improve the endothelialization and patency.…”