Dually infected (HSV‐1/VZV) single neurons in human trigeminal ganglia

Theil, Diethilde; Paripovic, Igor; Derfuss, Tobias; Herberger, Simone; Strupp, Michael; Arbusow, Viktor; Brandt, Thomas

doi:10.1002/ana.10746

Cited by 32 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Although VZV DNA can be detected in many different cell types during active infection, latency seems largely to be established in neural tissues, particularly in non-neuronal cells of sensory ganglia. [9][10][11]13,14 In the present study, VZV was detected in three of eight cases within only four sites: dorsal root ganglion, spinal cord, adrenal gland, and small intestine. VZV may maintain latency within the ganglion cells of the adrenal medulla and the parasympathetic ganglia of the small intestine.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 38%

“…Virus then spreads along the sensory nerves to sensory root ganglia where latency is established in ganglionic neurons. [9][10][11]13 HSV-1 was detected in four of eight cases. In two cases, HSV-1 was detected only in neural tissues (dorsal root ganglion, spinal cord, sympathetic ganglion, and peripheral nerve), whereas in two other cases, HSV-1 was detected in multiple tissues.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Primary HSV-1 infection of immunocompetent persons is characterized by lesions of the oral mucosa, followed by latent persistence within neurons of cervical and cranial nerve sensory ganglia. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] In some cases, HSV-1 and HSV-2 can be found in brain tissue. 12 Viral reactivation can lead to recurrent mucocutaneous disease, whereas dissemination may lead to widespread organ involvement, including esophagus, lower gastrointestinal tract, trachea, lungs, brain, eyes, and skin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[9][10][11][13][14][15][16] Dissemination may lead to widespread organ involvement, including the eye, brain, lung, myocardium, and liver. Primary VZV infection, most often acquired in early childhood, is characterized by fever and a diffuse maculopapular rash.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anatomical mapping of human herpesvirus reservoirs of infection

Chen

Hudnall

2006

Modern Pathology

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 38%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Anatomical mapping of human herpesvirus reservoirs of infection

Chen

Hudnall

2006

Modern Pathology

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“…As HSV and VZV both establish latency in sensory nerve ganglia, autopsy studies have predictably demonstrated the presence of both viruses in the same ganglia, even within the same neurons [6]. But despite their potential co-localization within the ganglion, the two viruses rarely cause simultaneous disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concurrent Reactivation of VZV and HSV-2 in a Patient with Uncontrolled Diabetes Mellitus: A Case Report

McDonald¹,

Krishnan-Natesan²

2017

EJMCR

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Background: Herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) and varicella zoster virus (VZV) are neurotropic herpesviruses that cause vesicular mucocutaneous eruptions. They both establish latency in peripheral ganglia and can reactivate to cause episodic outbreaks. HSV occurs more often in the young and may reactivate frequently. VZV reactivation is associated with advancing age due to a decline in the VZV-specific T cell population. While both viruses have been isolated from the same sensory ganglia, they rarely cause simultaneous disease. In most of these cases the viruses have been isolated at different body sites in immunocompromised hosts. However, clinical disease with concurrent detection of both HSV and VZV from the same anatomic location has been described. In a prior study of dual positive specimens, a lower PCR cycle threshold (Ct) was consistently observed for VZV, suggesting that zoster caused subsequent reactivation of HSV.

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Longitudinal study on oral shedding of herpes simplex virus 1 and varicella‐zoster virus in individuals infected with HIV

Velzen

Ouwendijk

Selke

et al. 2013

Journal of Medical Virology

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Primary herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection leads to a life-long latent infection of ganglia innervating the oral mucosa. HSV-1 and VZV reactivation is more common in immunocompromised individuals and may result in viral shedding in saliva. We determined the kinetics and quantity of oral HSV-1 and VZV shedding in HSV-1 and VZV seropositive individuals infected with HIV and to assess whether HSV-1 shedding involves reactivation of the same strain intra-individually. HSV-1 and VZV shedding was determined by real-time PCR of sequential daily oral swabs (n=715) collected for a median period of 31 days from 22 individuals infected with HIV. HSV-1 was genotyped by sequencing the viral thymidine kinase gene. Herpesvirus shedding was detected in 18 of 22 participants. Shedding of HSV-1 occurred frequently, on 14.3% of days, whereas solely VZV shedding was very rare. Two participants shed VZV. The median HSV-1 load was higher compared to VZV. HSV-1 DNA positive swabs clustered into 34 shedding episodes with a median duration of 2 days. The prevalence, duration and viral load of herpesvirus shedding did not correlate with CD4 counts and HIV load. The genotypes of the HSV-1 viruses shed were identical between and within shedding episodes of the same person, but were different between individuals. One-third of the individuals shed an HSV-1 strain potentially refractory to acyclovir therapy. Compared to HSV-1, oral VZV shedding is rare in individuals infected with HIV. Recurrent oral HSV-1 shedding is likely due to reactivation of the same latent HSV-1 strain.

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Dually infected (HSV‐1/VZV) single neurons in human trigeminal ganglia

Cited by 32 publications

References 19 publications

Anatomical mapping of human herpesvirus reservoirs of infection

Anatomical mapping of human herpesvirus reservoirs of infection

Concurrent Reactivation of VZV and HSV-2 in a Patient with Uncontrolled Diabetes Mellitus: A Case Report

Longitudinal study on oral shedding of herpes simplex virus 1 and varicella‐zoster virus in individuals infected with HIV

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