Ducted Fuel Injection versus Conventional Diesel Combustion: An
                    Operating-Parameter Sensitivity Study Conducted in an Optical Engine with a
                    Four-Orifice Fuel Injector

Nilsen, Christopher William; Biles, Drummond E.; Yraguen, Boni F.; Mueller, Charles J.

doi:10.4271/03-13-03-0023

Cited by 29 publications

(32 citation statements)

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“…This engine has been used to optically verify soot formation in CDC and DFI operation modes and is thoroughly documented in previous publications. 15,19,20,25 During the experiments, the engine coolant temperature was maintained at 90°C by an electronically controlled temperature regulation system. The engine operated in a skip-fired mode by firing once every 12 cycles.…”

Section: Engine Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A four duct assembly was used in this study and is similar to duct assemblies thoroughly described in previous works. 19,20 A rendering of this duct assembly mounted in the cylinder is shown in Figure 2. The same naming convention is followed so that a 4D2L12G3d configuration has four ducts aligned with the four injector orifices (4), inner duct diameter of 2 mm (D2), duct length of 12 mm (L12), gap of 3 mm between injector orifice exit and duct inlet (G3), and a duct geometry characterized by the radius on the inside of the inlet and a taper on the outside of the outlet (d).…”

Section: Dfi Duct Configurationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This strategy not only reduces soot emissions, but can also be combined with exhaust gas recirculation to increase dilution and reduce combustion temperature, thereby simultaneously attenuating emissions of nitrogen oxides. 20 Initial DFI proof-of-concept experiments were conducted in a constant volume combustion vessel with a single spray injector. 23 Spatially integrated natural luminosity (SINL) was used to indicate the presence and distribution of hot, in-cylinder soot.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This study was followed by a study using the same engine to evaluate the performance of DFI relative to CDC over a wider range of conditions. 20 This study used a four-orifice and four-duct assembly to achieve higher engine loads with the same instrumentation as the previous study. Results further showed that DFI produced significantly less soot than CDC over the full range of conditions tested, though the degree of attenuation varied with operating conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Solid particulate mass and number from ducted fuel injection in an optically accessible diesel engine in skip-fired operation

Wilmer

Nilsen

Biles

et al. 2021

International Journal of Engine Research

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Ducted fuel injection (DFI) is a novel combustion strategy that has been shown to significantly attenuate soot formation in diesel engines. While previous studies have used optical diagnostics and optical filter smoke number methods to show that DFI reduces in-cylinder soot formation and engine-out soot emissions, respectively, this is the first study to measure solid particle number (PN) emissions in addition to particle mass (PM). Furthermore, this study quantitatively evaluates the use of transient particle instruments for measuring particles from skip-fired operation in an optical single cylinder research engine (SCRE). Engine-out PN was measured using an engine exhaust particle sizer following a catalytic stripper, and PM was measured using a photoacoustic analyzer. The study improves on earlier preliminary emissions studies by clearly showing that DFI reduces overall PM by 76%–79% and PN for particles larger than 23 nm by 77% relative to conventional diesel combustion at a 1200-rpm, 13.3-bar gross indicated mean effective pressure operating condition. The degree of engine-out PM reduction with DFI was similar across both particulate measurement instruments used in the work. Through the use of bimodal distribution fitting, DFI was also shown to reduce the geometric mean diameter of accumulation mode particles by 26%, similar to the effects of increased injection pressure in conventional diesel combustion systems. This work clearly shows the significant solid particulate matter reductions enabled by DFI while also demonstrating that engine-out PN can be accurately measured from an optical SCRE operating in a skip-fired mode. Based on these results, it is believed that DFI has the potential to enable fuel savings when implemented in multi-cylinder engines, both by lowering the required frequency of active diesel particulate filter regeneration, and by reducing the backpressure imposed by exhaust filtration systems.

show abstract

Section: Engine Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dfi Duct Configurationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Solid particulate mass and number from ducted fuel injection in an optically accessible diesel engine in skip-fired operation

Wilmer

Nilsen

Biles

et al. 2021

International Journal of Engine Research

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“…Nilsen et al investigated the influence of the DFI strategy experimentally at low and high loads compared with conventional diesel combustion. They found that soot emission considerably was reduced by using the DFI method with 4-orifice under all operating conditions (Nilsen et al 2020). Svensson et al studied the influence of the DFI method with varying duct diameter and length by using a one-hole fuel injector with an injection pressure of 200-250 MPa in the hightemperature-pressure vessel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Investigation of Ducted Fuel Injection Strategy for Soot Reduction in Compression Ignition Engine

Şener

2022

JAFM

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The ducted fuel injection strategy is a method that significantly reduces soot emissions in direct injection compression ignition engines. Fuel is injected into the combustion chamber through a duct enhancing the airfuel mixture. It guarantees more efficient combustion and less soot formation by reducing the equivalence ratio at the autoignition zone inside the combustion chamber. The effects of the duct fuel injection on the performance, combustion, and emission of the compression ignition engine were numerically investigated in this study. The duct geometries with varying diameters, lengths, and stand-off distances were examined to find the most appropriate size using an experimentally validated CFD model and detailed soot model. Results show that up to 66.7% reduction in soot emissions were observed with the usage of the ducted fuel injection strategy compared to conventional diesel combustion. In addition to reducing soot emissions, the ducted fuel injection strategy decreased CO and HC emissions by 20.4% and 7.8%, respectively. While the ducted fuel injection strategy reduces emissions, it does not decrease engine performance; on the contrary, it increases gross IMEP by 0.58%.

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Ducted fuel injection: Numerical study of soot formation and oxidation using detailed soot modeling approach in a compression ignition engine at different loads

Şener

2022

J Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng.

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Ducted Fuel Injection versus Conventional Diesel Combustion: An Operating-Parameter Sensitivity Study Conducted in an Optical Engine with a Four-Orifice Fuel Injector

Cited by 29 publications

References 0 publications

Solid particulate mass and number from ducted fuel injection in an optically accessible diesel engine in skip-fired operation

Solid particulate mass and number from ducted fuel injection in an optically accessible diesel engine in skip-fired operation

Numerical Investigation of Ducted Fuel Injection Strategy for Soot Reduction in Compression Ignition Engine

Ducted fuel injection: Numerical study of soot formation and oxidation using detailed soot modeling approach in a compression ignition engine at different loads

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