Ductile and brittle deformation in Singapore: A record of Mesozoic orogeny and amalgamation in Sundaland, and of post-orogenic faulting

Leslie, A. G.; Dodd, Thomas J.H.; Gillespie, Martin R.; Kendall, Rhian; Bide, T.; Kearsey, Timothy I.; Dobbs, Marcus R.; Lee, Michael Kim Woon; Chiam, Kiefer

doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2019.103890

Cited by 17 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Widely distributed I-Type granitoid plutons in the Central and Eastern belts of Peninsular Malaysia, and in Singapore, are also a product of this arc magmatism (Ng et al, 2015a;Searle et al, 2012). These plutons show emplacement ages that span both the active and late-stage arc and back-arc settings (c. 265 -220 Ma, see Oliver et al, 2014;Ng et al, 2015a, b;Gillespie et al, this issue;Leslie et al, this issue).…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following the final closure of Palaeo-Tethys, a relatively significant hiatus in sedimentation occurred in Singapore. This hiatus probably persisted until extensional/transtensional tectonism began to affect the area during early Cretaceous and into the Cenozoic (Hutchison and Tan, 2009;Leslie et al, (Ng and Oliver, unpublished data, cited in Oliver and Gupta, 2019), suggest a period of uplift in the region during the early Cretaceous.…”

Section: The Kusu and Bukit Batok Formations -Regional Correlation Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Paleozoic to Cenozoic sedimentary bedrock geology and lithostratigraphy of Singapore

Dodd

Gillespie

Leslie

et al. 2019

Journal of Asian Earth Sciences

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A new lithostratigraphical framework for Singapore is proposed, based on the analysis of c. 20,000 m of core recovered from 121 c. 205 m deep boreholes and augmented with 218 field localities from across Singapore. The new framework describes a succession dating from the Carboniferous to the Quaternary. New U-Pb detrital zircon dates and fossil analysis were used to constrain the ages of key sedimentary units. The oldest known sedimentary rocks in Singapore are found to be the deformed Carboniferous (Mississippian) Sajahat Formation. These are succeeded by the newly erected, Middle and Upper Triassic, marine to continental Jurong Group and Sentosa Group successions that accumulated in the southern part of the Semantan Basin. The Jurong Group comprises four formations: the Tuas Formation, the Pulau Ayer Chawan Formation, the Pandan Formation and the Boon Lay Formation. The Sentosa Group contains two formations: the Tanjong Rimau Formation and the Fort Siloso Formation. In Singapore, the depositional record during this time is related to late Permian to Triassic arc magmatism in the southern part of the forearc basin to the Sukhothai Arc. The Jurong and Sentosa groups were deformed and weakly metamorphosed during the final stages of the Late Triassic to Early Jurassic orogenic event, deformation that led to the formation of the syn-orogenic conglomerates of the Buona Vista Formation. Following this, two distinct Lower Cretaceous sedimentary successions overstepped the Jurong and Sentosa group strata, including the Kusu Formation and the Bukit Batok Formation, both deposited in the southern part of the Tembeling Basin. A series of Neogene to Quaternary formations overly the Mesozoic and Palaeozoic stratigraphy, including the Fort Canning Formation, Bedok Formation and the Kallang Group.

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Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Kusu and Bukit Batok Formations -Regional Correlation Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paleozoic to Cenozoic sedimentary bedrock geology and lithostratigraphy of Singapore

Dodd

Gillespie

Leslie

et al. 2019

Journal of Asian Earth Sciences

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“…The near-surface geology of Singapore is relatively well known due to an abundance of shallow boreholes and building works (e.g., Leslie et al, 2019). However the geological structure below several hundred meters depth remains almost entirely unknown.…”

Section: Geology Of Singaporementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Western Singapore and the southern islands archipelago are underlain by the Middle Triassic (242 ± 13 Ma) Jurong Group and Upper Triassic (< 209 ± 12 Ma) Sentosa Group (Dodd et al, ). These groups consist of lightly metamorphosed marine, fluvial, and volumetrically minor pyroclastic rocks that are intensely folded and faulted (Leslie et al, ). Quaternary sediments up to a few hundred meters thick cover much of eastern Singapore and only a small area of northwest Singapore; they exclusively overlie rocks of the Bukit Timah Center (Woon & Yingxin, ).…”

Section: Geology Of Singaporementioning

confidence: 99%

Large‐Scale Crustal Structure Beneath Singapore Using Receiver Functions From a Dense Urban Nodal Array

Lythgoe

Qing

Wei

2020

Geophysical Research Letters

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Geophysics has a role to play in the development of "smart cities". This is particularly true for Singapore, one of the world's most densely populated countries. Imaging of Singapore's subsurface is required to identify geological faults, model shaking from future earthquakes, and provide a framework for underground development. A noninvasive geophysical technique that is well suited for urban areas is passive seismic surveys using compact seismic instruments called nodes. Here we image Singapore's crustal structure using receiver functions generated by a 40-day deployment of a 88 station nodal array. We generate high resolution receiver functions, despite the noisy environment and short recording time and also create common-conversion point images. Our results reveal a complex crustal structure, containing multiple discontinuities. Azimuthal variations indicate a distinct change in crustal structure on either side of the postulated Bukit Timah fault, which has implications for seismic hazard.Plain Language Summary By 2050 over two thirds of the global population is expected to live in cities (United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, 2019). Such dense population centers increase the exposure to nearby natural hazards such as earthquakes. Rapid urbanization also creates an ever pressing need to understand the subsurface of our cities, for example, for underground development. One technological advancement that allows us to image the subsurface of cities are passive seismic surveys using nodes. Nodes are small seismic instruments that can be deployed in urban areas such as schools and parks. We present results of a passive seismic survey using 88 nodes deployed in Singapore for 40 days. We generate high resolution receiver functions across the array, despite the short recording time, by using array stacking techniques. The dense nature of the array also allows continuous high frequency signals to be traced. Our results reveal that the structure of the crust is different on either side of the Bukit Timah fault, which agrees with geological information. Ancient faults in peninsula Malaysia have been reactivated in the recent past due to stress transfer from the Sumatran subduction zone; therefore, a geological fault under a densely populated urban center warrants further study for seismic hazard.

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“…Quaternary sediments outcrop in eastern Singapore plus a small area in northern Singapore and overly Bukit Timah granite (Woon & Yingxin, 2009). The west of Singapore is composed of the Jurong Group -a sequence of lightly metamorphosed sediment that is highly folded and faulted (Leslie et al, 2019). The nature of the boundary between the Jurong Group and the Bukit Timah granite is not clear as the contact does not outcrop.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large-scale crustal structure beneath Singapore using receiver functions from a dense urban nodal array

Lythgoe¹,

Qing²,

Wei³

2020

Preprint

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Geophysics has a role to play in the development of 'smart cities', for example through geohazard mitigation and subsurface imaging for underground construction. This is particularly true for Singapore, one of the world's most densely populated countries. Imaging of Singapore's subsurface is required to identify geological faults, model shaking from future earthquakes and provide a framework for underground development. A non-invasive geophysical technique that is well suited for urban areas is passive seismic surveys using nodes. Here, we image Singapore's crustal structure using receiver functions generated by a 40-day deployment of a dense nodal array. We generate high resolution receiver functions, despite the noisy environment and short recording time and also create common-conversion point images. Our results reveal a complex crustal structure, containing multiple discontinuities. Azimuthal variations indicate a distinct change in crustal structure on either side of the postulated Bukit Timah fault, which has implications for seismic hazard.

show abstract

Ductile and brittle deformation in Singapore: A record of Mesozoic orogeny and amalgamation in Sundaland, and of post-orogenic faulting

Cited by 17 publications

References 26 publications

Paleozoic to Cenozoic sedimentary bedrock geology and lithostratigraphy of Singapore

Paleozoic to Cenozoic sedimentary bedrock geology and lithostratigraphy of Singapore

Large‐Scale Crustal Structure Beneath Singapore Using Receiver Functions From a Dense Urban Nodal Array

Large-scale crustal structure beneath Singapore using receiver functions from a dense urban nodal array

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