Dummy molecularly imprinted polymers based on a green synthesis strategy for magnetic solid-phase extraction of acrylamide in food samples

Abstract

In this work, novel dummy molecularly imprinted polymers (DMIP) with propanamide as a dummy template molecule were prepared based on a green synthesis strategy of less consumption of hazardous/organic reagents and at mild conditions for magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) of acrylamide in biscuit samples, followed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) determination. The resultant DMIP was well characterized by FT-IR, SEM, TEM and VSM, exhibiting uniform nanoscale coreshell structure and good magnetic property in favor of simple rapid separation. Several main variables influencing MSPE efficiency were investigated, including DMIP dosage, sample solution pH, extraction time and desorption solvent; central composite design (CCD) and response surface methodology (RSM) were employed to assist in the MSPE condition optimization with rapidity and reliability. Under optimized conditions, excellent linearity for acrylamide was obtained in the range of 5.0-5000.0 µg kg −1 , and low detection and quantification limits were 1.3 µg kg −1 and 4.4 µg kg −1 , respectively. The method recoveries at five spiked concentrations were found within 86.0-98.3% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 1.2-4.1%. Furthermore, endogenous acrylamide was detected in five different biscuit samples and the RSDs values were lower than 3.3%. The present study suggested promising perspectives of water-compatible eco-friendly DMIP based MSPE-HPLC method for highly effective sample pretreatment and targeted analytes determination in complicated matrices. Recently, chromatographic techniques coupled with sensitive detectors (hyphenated techniques) such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) [7], GC-electron capture spectrometry [8],

Sample Preparation Using Molecularly Imprinted Polymers

“…Another application field is the monitoring of toxins or natural hormones in waters, 94 food 117,168,182 and biological fluids. 181 At last, recent works reported the use of dSPE-MIP for the extraction of pesticides from waters, 160,167 soil, 167 and food extracts, 144,162,185 and of industrial pollutants from waters, 31,33,37,47,158,166,179,183,186 food, 34,68,96,98,180,183 or samples collected in an industrial bioreactor. 53 Another objective of sample purification using MIP is the removal of a class of compounds that interfere with the analysis of the target analytes.…”

“…51,147,165 For solid samples, as for MIP-SPE applications, which are subjected to a first treatment with a solvent, the resulting liquid extracts are put in contact with MIP particles either directly 117 or after a dilution with a buffer or a hydro-organic mixture. 34,59,96,180,182,185 While all these sample pretreatment procedures are varied and aim to make the sample less viscous or to eliminate certain interfering compounds such as proteins, the conditions are rarely, if ever, really justified. The desorption of small molecules is mainly achieved using organic solvents that may contain some acids to help desorption.…”

“…62 A central composite design (CCD) with four parameters, selected after having set some other parameters, and a response surface methodology (RSM) or, in case of multi-criteria optimization, a desirability function were also employed to help optimize the dSPE conditions. 96,147,169,178…”

Molecularly Imprinted Materials for Selective Biological Recognition

“…Combination of solid‐phase synthesis and imprinting technology produce imprinted materials in large scale and recycle templates first proposed by Piletsky's group 9c. Usually, template proteins were immobilized on glass beads first, small imprinted nanoparticles around each immobilized protein other than compact and intact imprinted shell could be obtained attributed to the low surface energy of glass beads.…”

Synthesis of molecularly imprinted polymer adsorbents for solid‐phase extraction of strobilurin fungicides from agricultural products

“…Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are often referred to as “artificial antibodies” possessing high affinity and selectivity toward targets. MIPs are obtained by a copolymerization process in porogen solvent with template molecule, functional monomer, and cross‐linking agent [16–18]. Due to well‐known unique advantages of good stability, high selectivity, low cost, and ease in preparation [19–21], MIPs have been widely used in SPE process for different trace pesticide residues such as organophosphorus pesticides [22–24], imidazole fungicides [25], organochlorine fungicides [26], iprodione fungicides [27], triazole pesticides [28], phenoxyacetic acid fungicides [29], benzimidazole fungicide [30], and pyrethroids insecticides [31,32].…”