“…Information was collected from India, China, West and East and South Africa, Malaysia, Indonesia and South Sea Islands. It was based on surgical figures, at the time when surgery was the accepted treatment for peptic ulcer and its complications, which showed that duodenal ulcer prevalence in a region was affected by the staple diet of that region (Tovey, , , ). A higher prevalence was found in areas where the staple diet was principally milled rice, refined wheat or maize, yams, cassava, sweet potato or green bananas, and a lower prevalence in areas where the staple diet was based on unrefined wheat or maize, soya, certain millets or certain pulses (Jayaraj et al ., 2000; Tovey, , , ; Wong et al ., ; Tovey and Tunstall, ; Tovey et al ., , ).…”