Duplex Bioelectronic Tongue for Sensing Umami and Sweet Tastes Based on Human Taste Receptor Nanovesicles

Abstract

For several decades, significant efforts have been made in developing artificial taste sensors to recognize the five basic tastes. So far, the well-established taste sensor is an E-tongue, which is constructed with polymer and lipid membranes. However, the previous artificial taste sensors have limitations in various food, beverage, and cosmetic industries because of their failure to mimic human taste reception. There are many interactions between tastants. Therefore, detecting the interactions in a multiplexing system is required. Herein, we developed a duplex bioelectronic tongue (DBT) based on graphene field-effect transistors that were functionalized with heterodimeric human umami taste and sweet taste receptor nanovesicles. Two types of nanovesicles, which have human T1R1/T1R3 for the umami taste and human T1R2/T1R3 for the sweet taste on their membranes, immobilized on micropatterned graphene surfaces were used for the simultaneous detection of the umami and sweet tastants. The DBT platform led to highly sensitive and selective recognition of target tastants at low concentrations (ca. 100 nM). Moreover, our DBT was able to detect the enhancing effect of taste enhancers as in a human taste sensory system. This technique can be a useful tool for the detection of tastes instead of sensory evaluation and development of new artificial tastants in the food and beverage industry.

Effects of dietary sweeteners supplementation on growth performance, serum biochemicals, and jejunal physiological functions of broiler chickens

“…Mammals are sensitive to sweet taste because of advanced evolution of sweet taste receptors on the taste buds ( Ahn et al., 2016 ). Unlike mammals, chickens are lacking T1R2, one of the taste receptor family gene responding to sweeteners in mammals ( Shi and Zhang, 2006 ).…”

Peptide hormone sensors using human hormone receptor-carrying nanovesicles and graphene FETs

“…Figure 3a shows a schematic of the immobilization of the nanovesicles on graphene electrode (GE). Based on our previous research 38 , the CVD-grown graphene was in the form of a single layer. Therefore, the thickness of the graphene channel was estimated to be about 0.8 nm, which is the thickness of a single layer of graphene.…”

“…In addition, graphene provides excellent sensitivity, stability and a rapid response [34][35][36][37] . Previous study has shown that biosensor using graphene-FET and human GPCR-carrying nanovesicles exhibit excellent sensor characteristics 38 . Here, two kinds of hormone sensors were successfully demonstrated to detect PTH and GCG using graphene FET sensors fabricated with PTHR-and GCGR-carrying nanovesicles.…”

An in-silico layer-by-layer adsorption study of the interaction between Rebaudioside A and the T1R2 human sweet taste receptor: modelling and biosensing perspectives

“…Thus, this has prompted their expanded use in the construction of electrochemical biosensors with enhanced analytical performance 41 – 44 . Thus far, the immobilization of two types of nanovesicles, which have human T1R2/T1R3 for the umami taste and sweet taste on their membranes, onto graphene surfaces for the simultaneous detection of umami and sweet tastants have been reported 45 . However, the immobilization of human T1R2 onto GO in the presence of ZnONPs and MWCNT for the detection of Reb-A is still unreported in literature.…”