Duplex ultrasound in the assessment of lower extremity venous insufficiency

Nečas, Martin

doi:10.1002/j.2205-0140.2010.tb00178.x

Cited by 30 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Based on our review of the literature, the use of duplex US (B‐mode and Doppler) and compressibility US for characterizing normal and pathologic superficial veins of the canine thoracic limb has not been previously published. The ultrasonographic characteristics of normal superficial veins in our sample population of dogs were similar to those reported in humans and are included in Table and Figure . Authors did not identify US abnormalities in the patient cohort examined on day 1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…The veins were assessed by the same observer (J.L. ), based on previously published US characteristics of a normal venous vessel for human extremities (Table ) . All veins were evaluated for these features from Day 1 up to Day 5.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have been published documenting its diagnostic accuracy in humans . Compressibility US is often combined with duplex US for vascular imaging in humans and involves application of manual compression with enough pressure on the skin to completely obliterate the normal vein lumen . The appearance of a thrombus has been described as variable, depending on its chronicity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vascular ultrasonographic findings in canine patients with clinically diagnosed phlebitis

Lodzinska

Leigh

Parys

et al. 2019

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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Peripheral vein phlebitis (inflammation) is a relatively frequent complication in dogs, however, published information on the ultrasonographic characteristics is currently lacking. This prospective, observational study describes the ultrasound (US) characteristics of normal canine cephalic veins, and veins with clinical phlebitis. Correlations among US findings and between US findings versus time that the intravenous catheter was in place were investigated. Safety of the US procedure was evaluated. Fifty patients were prospectively recruited for the study and 18 met the final inclusion criteria. Each patient underwent daily US examinations and was assessed for multiple criteria (vascular wall appearance, compressibility, spontaneity of flow, color fill, and presence/absence of filling defects, flow contour, direction, non‐pulsatility). Characteristics of normal canine cephalic veins were as follows: smooth and thin wall, complete compressibility, no flow disturbances, no filling defects, smooth flow contours, and unidirectional, non‐pulsatile flow with no turbulence. Characteristics of cephalic veins with clinical phlebitis were as follows: wall thickening (83%), decreased compressibility (55%), filling defects consistent with intraluminal thrombus (55%), vessel wall hyperechogenicity (44%), and abnormal color Doppler flow (39%). Significant correlations were found between Doppler filling defects and compressibility, Doppler filling defects and presumed thrombosis, and compressibility and presumed thrombosis (P = .001, P = .001, P = .000, respectively). No correlation was found between the US findings and time the intravenous catheter was in place. Findings indicated that duplex and compressibility US are feasible and safe methods for characterizing and monitoring cephalic veins in dogs with clinical phlebitis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vascular ultrasonographic findings in canine patients with clinically diagnosed phlebitis

Lodzinska

Leigh

Parys

et al. 2019

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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“…It is difficult to assess the proximal segments of the GSV in terms of augmentation and reflux. When assessed with the Valsalva Maneuver, differences that can be overlooked due to the fact that a low level of cooperation during the examination can occur among patients (3,15). We studied the findings obtained from the GSV segment in the distal third of the thigh where both the Valsalva maneuver and augmentation can be effective.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The cutoff value for the diameter of the saphenous vein in predicting the presence of venous insufficiency

Durmaz¹,

Özbakır²,

Cebeci³

et al. 2018

J Turgut Ozal Med Cent

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Aim: In this study aimed to investigate the relationship between saphenous vein diameters and reflux and to present their sensitivity and specificity values in predicting venous insufficiency (VI). Material and Methods: This study included 162 symptomatic patients admitted to our radiology clinic with complaints of VI in 317 of their lower extremities (LEs) and 67 asymptomatic healthy volunteers with their 134 LEs having no varicose veins. A total of 451 LEs were evaluated for VI with Doppler ultrasonography (US) in the standing position. Results: The saphenous vein diameters were higher at a statistically significant level in the symptomatic patient group than in the asymptomatic healthy volunteers (p<0.001). They were also higher at a statistically significant level in the LEs with clinically significant reflux (p<0.001). A cutoff value of a 5.35 mm diameter for insufficiency in great saphenous vein (GSV) led to 80.20% sensitivity and 79.20% specificity; a 4.85 mm diameter for insufficiency in small saphenous vein (SSV) led to 82.10% sensitivity and 83.60% specificity. Conclusions: A GSV diameter of ≥ 5.35 mm and a SSV diameter of ≥ 4.85 mm are the best cutoff values, which could be used as an additional parameter, for predicting VI with high sensitivity and specificity.

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“…Normal flow characteristics of the femoral vein have been described 5 .These are summarised by the following mnemonic, "CAPSULE" : 1) Colour fill: no colour filling defects, 2) Augmentability: increase flow with distal augmentation manoeuvre, 3) Phasicity: phasic variation with respiration, i.e., a fall in venous flow velocity with inspiration and rise with expiration, 4) Spontaneity: flow observed at quiescence, 5) Unidirectional flow in cephaloid direction due to venous valves, 6) Loss of pulsatility, 7) Even flow contour. The normal femoral arterial flow pattern shows a characteristic triphasic Doppler signal with a fast upstroke to peak systole, a reversal of blood flow during early diastole, and a forward flow component during late diastole (Figure 2).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%