Durability and Stability of LSCF Composite Cathode for Intermediate-Low Temperature of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (IT-LT SOFC): Short Review

Abstract

Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is well known as power and heat generation device which converts chemical energy directly from fuel into electricity. SOFC operate at high temperature becomes obstacle for SOFC which reducing ionic conductivity material of current electrolyte, reduce lifetime of cell components, high fabrication cost, limited durability and performance issues. This introduce to environment pollution and decrease the SOFC lifetime. The fabrication of durability and stability composite cathode are comprised from mixing of perovskite La0.6Sr0.4CO0.2Fe0.8(LSCF) powders with nanoscale ionically conducting ceramic electrolyte materials, SDC-carbonate (SDCc) was overcome this problems. Powder preparation and composite cathode fabrication must consider which as main factors in the development of durability and stability of LSCF-SDCc composite cathode. Powders must in nanoscale to enhance the conductivity and decrease the interfacial polarization resistance and the composite cathode should in nanoporous morphology for achieve high power density over than 500 h and remarkable durability. Calcination also plays in important role and its operations will effects to the SOFC durability and performance. The necessary to prolong the lifetime and increase the SOFC performance has lead to development of durability and stability of SOFC. This paper reviews the durability and stability of the composite cathode and focus on the challenges in material technology.

Recent Progress on Advanced Materials for Solid‐Oxide Fuel Cells Operating Below 500 °C

“…[1d] Low‐cost compressive gasket seals can be used in this temperature range. [1j,6b] Meanwhile, more active electrodes and electrolytes are required to generate a reasonable power density at such low temperatures. We have summarized the techniques that have been used to enable the peak power densities of LT‐SOFCs to reach ≥500 mW cm −2 at temperature range of 300–500 °C ( Table 1 ).…”

“…ℜ o , the molar surface exchange rate, relates to the surface exchange coefficient k via the mechanism of O‐incorporation, and therefore depends also on the oxygen partial pressure pO 2 and O‐ion defect concentration . [6b]…”

“…As the operation temperature is lowered down to 300–500 °C, it becomes difficult for these materials to achieve an ionic conductivity above 0.01 S cm −1 . [6d,14]…”

“…The development of LT‐SOFC operating at around 650 °C has been summarized by several reviews . This article mainly focuses on the new materials, structures, and techniques for LT‐SOFCs operating at around 500 °C reported during the last five years.…”

Improving catalyst stability in nano-structured solar and fuel cells

“…In another stability study on microtabular SOFC [155], excellent stability with a minor degradation rate of 0.25% in 100 h operations at 200 mA and 0.75 V was obtained using NiO-Gd doped ceria (GDC), GDC, and La 0.6 Sr 0.4 Co 0.2 Fe 0.8 O 3 − ı -GDC as anode, electrolyte and cathode, respectively. Finally in an extensive study on stability [156], it was suggested that ability of composite electrodes to withstand the stability test can be induced by controlling composite electrode properties, microstructures and fabrication method. The stability results presented above are summarized in Table 2.…”