Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is well known as power and heat generation device which converts chemical energy directly from fuel into electricity. SOFC operate at high temperature becomes obstacle for SOFC which reducing ionic conductivity material of current electrolyte, reduce lifetime of cell components, high fabrication cost, limited durability and performance issues. This introduce to environment pollution and decrease the SOFC lifetime. The fabrication of durability and stability composite cathode are comprised from mixing of perovskite La0.6Sr0.4CO0.2Fe0.8(LSCF) powders with nanoscale ionically conducting ceramic electrolyte materials, SDC-carbonate (SDCc) was overcome this problems. Powder preparation and composite cathode fabrication must consider which as main factors in the development of durability and stability of LSCF-SDCc composite cathode. Powders must in nanoscale to enhance the conductivity and decrease the interfacial polarization resistance and the composite cathode should in nanoporous morphology for achieve high power density over than 500 h and remarkable durability. Calcination also plays in important role and its operations will effects to the SOFC durability and performance. The necessary to prolong the lifetime and increase the SOFC performance has lead to development of durability and stability of SOFC. This paper reviews the durability and stability of the composite cathode and focus on the challenges in material technology.

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Cold plasma technology has found favour in the agricultural industry for growth stimulating by environmental friendly approach. However, there are still leaking studying of cold plasma technology on the mushroom needs. Current convectional mushrooms germination process requires long duration (∼6 weeks) for fruiting to growth. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the cold plasma efficacy towards the oyster mushroom germination speed and fruiting body production. By using novel atmospheric cold plasma pen system, the mushroom spawn grains were generates towards the spawn. Atmospheric pressure with flow rate of 4, 5 and 6 SLM by considering different duration plasma exposure (0, 5, 15, 30, 45 and 60 seconds) with ∼7 kV of supply voltage was supplied. The efficiency of the treatment was characterised by mushroom cultivation performance particularly on (i) mycelium growth rate and (ii) mushroom fruiting body productions. The results show cold plasma processing parameter, flow rate and treatment time absolutely influence the mushroom germination and production. CP pen system optimized at 5 SLM and 15 s presents triple production of mushroom weight and speed the mycelium growth rate (only 4 weeks) compared to control spawn grains (6 weeks). As conclusion, cold plasma pen system capability applies in mushroom industry.