Durability of steel reinforced concrete in chloride environments: An overview

Shi, Xianming; Xie, Ning; Fortune, Keith; Gong, Jing

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.12.038

Cited by 741 publications

(301 citation statements)

References 119 publications

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“…The two most common causes of rebar corrosion are (i) localized breakdown of the passive film on the steel due to penetration of chloride ions [5,6] and (ii) generalized corrosion by acidification of the concrete after reaction with atmospheric carbon dioxide [7][8][9]. Even worse is the combination of these two factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphate ions as corrosion inhibitors for reinforcement steel in chloride-rich environments

Yohai¹,

Vázquez²,

Valcarce³

2013

Electrochimica Acta

142

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Please cite this article as: L. Yohai, M. Vázquez, M.B. Valcarce, Phosphate ions as corrosion inhibitors for reinforcement steel in chloride-rich environments, Electrochimica Acta (2013), http://dx.doi.org/10. 1016/j.electacta.2013.03.180 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. Micro Raman spectra clearly show the incorporation of phosphates to the passive film.Impedance spectroscopy results can be interpreted assuming a duplex surface film formed in the presence of phosphates. In the conditions of this investigation, phosphate ions behave as mixed-type corrosion inhibitors, protecting steel against corrosion in chloride-contaminated environments.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphate ions as corrosion inhibitors for reinforcement steel in chloride-rich environments

Yohai¹,

Vázquez²,

Valcarce³

2013

Electrochimica Acta

142

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“…The secondary pozzolanic reactions can result in reduced pore connectivity in the concrete. Therefore, partial replacement of PC with GGBS can significantly reduce the risk of sulfate attack, alkali-silica reactions and chloride penetration and increase compressive strength (Güneyisi and Gesoglu 2008;Hadj-Sadok et al 2010;Nazari and Riahi 2011;Shi et al 2011Shi et al , 2012Teng et al 2013). However, it may reduce the resistance of the concrete against carbonation (Harrison et al 2012;Shi et al 2009;Jia et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Durability Properties and Microstructure of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag Cement Concrete

Divsholi

Lim

Teng

2014

Int J Concr Struct Mater

145

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Ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) is a green construction material used to produce durable concrete. The secondary pozzolanic reactions can result in reduced pore connectivity; therefore, replacing partial amount of Portland cement (PC) with GGBS can significantly reduce the risk of sulfate attack, alkali-silica reactions and chloride penetration. However, it may also reduce the concrete resistance against carbonation. Due to the time consuming process of concrete carbonation, many researchers have used accelerated carbonation test to shorten the experimental time. However, there are always some uncertainties in the accelerated carbonation test results. Most importantly, the moisture content and moisture profile of the concrete before the carbonation test can significantly affect the test results. In this work, more than 200 samples with various water-cementitious material ratios and various replacement percentages of GGBS were cast. The compressive strength, electrical resistivity, chloride permeability and carbonation tests were conducted. The moisture loss and microstructure of concrete were studied. The partial replacement of PC with GGBS produced considerable improvement on various properties of concrete.

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“…A possible reason for this behavior is the ability of chloride ions bond to FA related to their high aluminum content, which in turn yields greater formation of Friedel's salt [32,33]. However, other authors attribute it to the creation of more gel during the hydration process, thus facilitating the adsorption of chloride ions [34]. The mixture with 50% FA substitution decreased the steel's corrosion rate below that of the steel of the control mixture, which in turn, showed corrosion rates that were very similar to those of the steel with mixtures of 25% FA.…”

Section: Results Of Corrosion Rates Of Samples With Chloride Ions Incmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Sustainability through Corrosion Resistance of Reinforced Concrete by Using a Manufactured Blended Cement and Fly Ash

et al. 2018

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Abstract:The objective of this paper is to report the improvement of sustainability through the increase of reinforced concrete corrosion resistance by using a blended cement and fly ash. Different reinforced concrete mixtures were prepared with partial substitution of a manufactured blended cement with fly ash from a thermal power plant in Andorra (Teruel, Spain). These mixtures were manufactured using three different water/cement ratios (0.46, 0.59, and 0.70) and three substitution percentages of cement by fly ash (0%, 25%, and 50%). The test cylinders underwent an accelerated carbonation process and exposure to different chloride levels, with the aim of characterizing the corrosion level of the different mixtures. The addition of local FA matched or even improved the resistance of the control mixture against carbonation and chlorides.

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Durability of steel reinforced concrete in chloride environments: An overview

Cited by 741 publications

References 119 publications

Phosphate ions as corrosion inhibitors for reinforcement steel in chloride-rich environments

Phosphate ions as corrosion inhibitors for reinforcement steel in chloride-rich environments

Durability Properties and Microstructure of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag Cement Concrete

Improving Sustainability through Corrosion Resistance of Reinforced Concrete by Using a Manufactured Blended Cement and Fly Ash

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