Durability study of pultruded CFRP plates immersed in water and seawater under sustained bending: Water uptake and effects on the mechanical properties

Kafodya, Innocent; Xian, Guijun; Li, Hui

doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2014.10.034

Cited by 183 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In addition, CFRP composites may be also subjected to external loadings at the same time, such as sustained tensile stress in pre-stressed reinforcements [3,12] or bending strain [11]. Although many works [9][10][11]13] have been reported on the durability of CFRP composites, it is still a serious concern, especially under combined environment and stress conditions. In the present article, an epoxy resin, a common used resin matrix for CFRP composites, and a polyurethane (PU) resin system, a new emerging matrix for CFRP composites [14], were used for pultruded CFRP plates (CFRPs).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During their service lives, they may suffer from certain harsh environments, such as moisture, water, and seawater even at elevated temperatures [7][8][9][10][11]. In addition, CFRP composites may be also subjected to external loadings at the same time, such as sustained tensile stress in pre-stressed reinforcements [3,12] or bending strain [11]. Although many works [9][10][11]13] have been reported on the durability of CFRP composites, it is still a serious concern, especially under combined environment and stress conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During immersion, the micro-cracks may be converted into macro-cracks, and meanwhile some new micro-cracks may form due to swelling [9], resulting in increased water uptake [9,21]. External stresses, including tensile stress and compressive stress, play an important role on the water uptake of a FRP composite [11,[22][23][24]. The tensile stress increases the free volume content (the unoccupied volume by polymer molecules, namely "the cavity") of the resin matrix, and leads to the formation of micro-cracks and even debonding of the fiber-matrix interface, resulting in an increase in the water uptake [23,24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, it is a complicated issue to tell how sustained bending affects the water uptake of an FRP, due to the complex stress status inside. Up to now, only a very limited number of papers exist related to the combined effects of immersion and sustained bending on the durability of FRP composites [11,22,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative Study of the Durability Behaviors of Epoxy- and Polyurethane-Based CFRP Plates Subjected to the Combined Effects of Sustained Bending and Water/Seawater Immersion

Hong

Xian

2017

Polymers

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Abstract:In many applications, carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite materials suffer from the combined effects of sustained bending and immersion. In the present study, pultruded epoxy-and polyurethane (PU)-based CFRP plates were studied for their long-term performances, subjected to the combined effects of water/seawater immersion and sustained bending (0%, 30%, and 58% of the ultimate strain). The water uptake and the evolution of the mechanical properties were investigated. In addition, the service lives of the CFRPs were predicted using the Arrhenius method. Generally, the sustained bending led to a decrease in the water uptake, and reduced the mechanical properties. A diffusion model, dividing the cross-section of CFRPs into the "less resin area" and "rich resin area", was proposed to elucidate the variation of water uptake and mechanical properties. Compared to epoxy-based CFRPs, although PU-based CFRPs possessed a significantly higher water uptake, they exhibited better long-term performances in terms of mechanical properties.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Comparative Study of the Durability Behaviors of Epoxy- and Polyurethane-Based CFRP Plates Subjected to the Combined Effects of Sustained Bending and Water/Seawater Immersion

Hong

Xian

2017

Polymers

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Strength degradation and fractographic analysis of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite laminates with square / circular hole using scanning electron microscope micrographs

Gupta

Prusty

Ray

et al. 2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In this article, experimental study has been carried out to obtain comparative information intended for designing and assembly of structural components made of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite. Investigation on tensile strength has been done on unidirectional CFRP composite laminates with hole. Effect of stacking sequence, hole size, and hole shape on tensile strength has been examined independently by open hole tensile (OHT) test. Reduction in OHT strength is observed when stacking sequence is changed from [0] 8 to [0/90] 2s and when the hole size is increased. However, OHT strength is noticed to get increased when hole shape is changed from circular to square. Laminates containing square shaped hole demonstrate less sensitiveness towards tensile strength and show negligible effect of stacking sequences on the normalized strength than the circular hole. Fractographic analysis figures out the failure mechanism of tested specimens by correlating their mechanical properties. SEM micrographs and data analysis reveal that axial splits and local delamination effectively blunt the stress concentration around the hole resulting in higher OHT strength and less notch sensitiveness towards tensile strength.

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An overview of mechanical properties and failure mechanism of FRP laminates with hole/cutout

Gupta

Pal

Ray

2023

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Aerospace and aircraft companies follow a pyramidal structure of testing, ranging from specimen tests to full-scale structure tests, for aircraft structural design. At the base level, open hole strength evaluation is one of the qualification procedures for composite components. The holes are made in the structural components to accommodate bolts and rivets in order to assemble the parts into a single unit. Holes in the component are also used to fulfill functional requirements, such as the passage of wire bundles. FRP components are sensitive to these holes/cutouts as substantial decrement in the strength is observed in several experiments. The degradation in the strength of the component is due to stress concentration around the hole. This review aims to comprehend the effect of the hole on the mechanical properties of FRP laminates; the emphasis is mainly on CFRP laminates and experimental results. An overview of tensile, compressive, flexural and post buckling properties of laminates with the hole is presented to aid in the optimal design of the component. Finally, the failure mechanism during loading is discussed and described through a graphical presentation.

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Durability study of pultruded CFRP plates immersed in water and seawater under sustained bending: Water uptake and effects on the mechanical properties

Cited by 183 publications

References 32 publications

Comparative Study of the Durability Behaviors of Epoxy- and Polyurethane-Based CFRP Plates Subjected to the Combined Effects of Sustained Bending and Water/Seawater Immersion

Comparative Study of the Durability Behaviors of Epoxy- and Polyurethane-Based CFRP Plates Subjected to the Combined Effects of Sustained Bending and Water/Seawater Immersion

Strength degradation and fractographic analysis of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite laminates with square / circular hole using scanning electron microscope micrographs

An overview of mechanical properties and failure mechanism of FRP laminates with hole/cutout

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