Duration of breastfeeding as a risk factor for vertebral fractures

Bolzetta, Francesco; Veronese, Nicola; Rui, Marina De; Berton, Linda; Carraro, Samuela; Pizzato, S.; Girotti, G.; Ronch, Irene De; Manzato, Enzo; Coin, Alessandra; Sergi, Giuseppe

doi:10.1016/j.bone.2014.08.001

Cited by 48 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The effect of LD on BMD-LS is in agreement with study by Dursun et al [12]. Bolzeeta et al showed LD as a significant predictor of osteoporotic vertebral fracture, and the results of our study in agreement with it [25]. Many other studies results support the effect of LD on BMD as seen in our study [12,26,27] Studies have shown association of hip geometry with hip fractures risk.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 95%

Differential effect of predictors of bone mineral density and hip geometry in postmenopausal women: a cross-sectional study

2015

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 95%

Differential effect of predictors of bone mineral density and hip geometry in postmenopausal women: a cross-sectional study

2015

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“…For balance, a few studies have found that parity is associated with reduced BMD (17,80,375,472,559,686,699) or increased vertebral (97) or hip fracture risk (299). However, these reports are substantially outnumbered by the aforementioned studies that found a neutral or protective effect of parity.…”

Section: Human Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are, of course, a few contrary studies that suggest lactation predicts lower BMD (261,336,352,472,559,686,770,946,971,973) or increases the risk of fracture (97,525,559,699). Smoking may cause breastfeeding to have a negative effect on BMD that is not seen in nonsmokers who breastfed (448).…”

Section: Human Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Mineral and Bone Metabolism During Pregnancy, Lactation, and Post-Weaning Recovery

Kovacs

2016

Physiological Reviews

383

524

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During pregnancy and lactation, female physiology adapts to meet the added nutritional demands of fetuses and neonates. An average full-term fetus contains ϳ30 g calcium, 20 g phosphorus, and 0.8 g magnesium. About 80% of mineral is accreted during the third trimester; calcium transfers at 300-350 mg/day during the final 6 wk. The neonate requires 200 mg calcium daily from milk during the first 6 mo, and 120 mg calcium from milk during the second 6 mo (additional calcium comes from solid foods). Calcium transfers can be more than double and triple these values, respectively, in women who nurse twins and triplets. About 25% of dietary calcium is normally absorbed in healthy adults. Average maternal calcium intakes in American and Canadian women are insufficient to meet the fetal and neonatal calcium requirements if normal efficiency of intestinal calcium absorption is relied upon. However, several adaptations are invoked to meet the fetal and neonatal demands for mineral without requiring increased intakes by the mother. During pregnancy the efficiency of intestinal calcium absorption doubles, whereas during lactation the maternal skeleton is resorbed to provide calcium for milk. This review addresses our current knowledge regarding maternal adaptations in mineral and skeletal homeostasis that occur during pregnancy, lactation, and post-weaning recovery. Also considered are the impacts that these adaptations have on biochemical and hormonal parameters of mineral homeostasis, the consequences for long-term skeletal health, and the presentation and management of disorders of mineral and bone metabolism.

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“…Many studies have shown the association between breastfeeding and osteoporosis . However, the results are conflicting , some studies found no association between breastfeeding and osteoporosis later in life (5,6), in contrast, some studies show that breastfeeding history is associated with an increased Bone Mineral Density. (7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Breastfeeding History and Osteoporosis among Women Attending Baghdad Teaching Hospitals.

Mosua¹,

Khairi²

2016

IOSR

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Duration of breastfeeding as a risk factor for vertebral fractures

Cited by 48 publications

References 29 publications

Differential effect of predictors of bone mineral density and hip geometry in postmenopausal women: a cross-sectional study

Differential effect of predictors of bone mineral density and hip geometry in postmenopausal women: a cross-sectional study

Maternal Mineral and Bone Metabolism During Pregnancy, Lactation, and Post-Weaning Recovery

Relationship between Breastfeeding History and Osteoporosis among Women Attending Baghdad Teaching Hospitals.

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