Duration of immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in children after natural infection or vaccination in the omicron and pre-omicron era: A systematic review of clinical and immunological studies

Buonsenso, Danilo; Cusenza, Francesca; Passadore, Lucrezia; Bonanno, Francesca; Guido, Claudia De; Esposito, Susanna

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.1024924

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…These data do not support the previously outlined concept of a stronger “super” or “hybrid” immunity with greater breadth and higher‐quality antibodies, especially against variants of concern in convalescent vaccinated adults 30–32 . This is in line with the conclusion of a recently published systematic review 33 . Cross variant neutralization against omicron has been reported to be even weaker after infection than after standard vaccination in children 28,34 .…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 73%

“…[30][31][32] This is in line with the conclusion of a recently published systematic review. 33 Cross variant neutralization against omicron has been reported to be even weaker after infection than after standard vaccination in children. 28,34 An increase in SARS-CoV-2 infections among vaccinated children and reports of acute myocarditis in adolescents and young adults following vaccination have led to vaccine hesitancy in children.…”

Section: Effects Of Vaccination 14 Months After Wild-type Infection O...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Live‐virus neutralization of the omicron variant in children and adults 14 months after SARS‐CoV‐2 wild‐type infection

Stich

Benning

Speer

et al. 2023

Journal of Medical Virology

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Data on cross‐neutralization of the SARS‐CoV‐2 omicron variant more than 1 year after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection are urgently needed, especially in children, to predict the likelihood of reinfection and to guide vaccination strategies. In a prospective observational cohort study, we evaluated live‐virus neutralization of the SARS‐CoV‐2 omicron (BA.1) variant in children compared with adults 14 months after mild or asymptomatic wild‐type SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. We also evaluated immunity to reinfection conferred by previous infection plus COVID‐19 mRNA vaccination. We studied 36 adults and 34 children 14 months after acute SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. While 94% of unvaccinated adults (16/17) and children (32/34) neutralized the delta (B.1.617.2) variant, only 1/17 (5.9%) unvaccinated adults, 0/16 (0%) adolescents and 5/18 (27.8%) children <12 years of age had neutralizing activity against omicron (BA.1). In convalescent adults, one or two doses of mRNA vaccine increased delta and omicron neutralization 32‐fold, similar to a third mRNA vaccination in uninfected adults. Neutralization of omicron was 8‐fold lower than that of delta in both groups. In conclusion, our data indicate that humoral immunity induced by previous SARS‐CoV‐2 wild‐type infection more than 1 year ago is insufficient to neutralize the current immune escape omicron variant.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 73%

Section: Effects Of Vaccination 14 Months After Wild-type Infection O...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Live‐virus neutralization of the omicron variant in children and adults 14 months after SARS‐CoV‐2 wild‐type infection

Stich

Benning

Speer

et al. 2023

Journal of Medical Virology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Fortunately, several factors have significantly mitigated the epidemiological and clinical relevance of new waves. People who have already been infected with SARS-CoV-2 have a lower risk of being newly infected, although the immune response evoked by the previously circulating strains could be inadequate at preventing new variant infections [ 14 ]. Several sensitive and specific point-of-care tests were developed and introduced in clinical practice [ 15 ], allowing tracing of infected people, isolation, and reduction of virus circulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Respiratory Infections during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Principi

Autore

Ramundo

et al. 2023

Viruses

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To face the COVID-19 outbreak, a wide range of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) aimed at limiting the spread of the virus in communities, such as mask-wearing, hand hygiene, social distancing, travel restrictions, and school closures, were introduced in most countries. Thereafter, a significant reduction of new asymptomatic and symptomatic COVID-19 cases occurred, although there were differences between countries according to the type and duration of the NPIs. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic has been accompanied by significant variations in the global incidence of diseases due to the most common non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory viruses and some bacteria. In this narrative review, the epidemiology of the most common non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory infections during the COVID-19 pandemic is detailed. Moreover, factors that could have had a role in modifying the traditional circulation of respiratory pathogens are discussed. A literature analysis shows that NPIs were the most important cause of the general reduction in the incidence of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus infection in the first year of the pandemic, although the different sensitivity of each virus to NPIs, the type and duration of measures used, as well as the interference among viruses may have played a role in modulating viral circulation. Reasons for the increase in the incidences of Streptococcus pneumoniae and group A Streptococcus infections seem strictly linked to immunity debt and the role played by NPIs in reducing viral infections and limiting bacterial superimposed infections. These results highlight the importance of NPIs during pandemics, the need to monitor the circulation of infectious agents that cause diseases similar to those caused by pandemic agents, and the need to make efforts to improve coverage with available vaccines.

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“…However, we minimized this risk by using validated algorithms for most of the included IMIDs. Our study preceded the Omicron era, and therefore repeated SARS-CoV-2 infections were less common . Reassuringly, the results of a sensitivity analysis censoring individuals at the time of a second infection were nearly identical to our primary analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Venous Thromboembolism After COVID-19 Infection Among People With and Without Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases

Khan,

Kuenzig,

Tang

et al. 2023

JAMA Netw Open

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ImportanceImmune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) and COVID-19 are independently associated with venous thromboembolisms (VTEs).ObjectiveTo determine if individuals with IMIDs are at higher risk of VTE following COVID-19 infection compared with individuals without IMIDs.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsPopulation-based matched cohort study using multiple deterministically linked health administrative databases from Ontario, Canada, and including patients testing positive for COVID-19 between January 1, 2020, and December 30, 2021, and followed up until March 31, 2022. Individuals with IMIDs (n = 28 440) who tested positive for COVID-19 were matched with up to 5 individuals without an IMID (n = 126 437) who tested positive for COVID-19. Matching was based on year of birth, sex, neighborhood income, and rural/urban residence. Data analysis was performed from August 6, 2022, to August 21, 2023.ExposureDiagnosis of an IMID, identified using algorithms based on diagnostic codes, procedures, and specialist visits.Main Outcome and MeasureThe main outcome was estimated age- and sex-standardized incidence of VTE. Proportional cause-specific hazard models compared the risk of VTE in people with and without IMIDs. Death was a competing risk. Models adjusted for history of VTE, 2 or more doses of a COVID-19 vaccine 14 or more days prior to COVID-19 diagnosis, and the Charlson Comorbidity Index. Routinely collected health data were used, so the hypothesis tested was formulated after data collection but prior to being granted access to data.ResultsThe study included 28 440 individuals (16 741 [58.9%] female; 11 699 [41.1%] male) with an IMID diagnosed prior to first COVID-19 diagnosis, with a mean (SD) age of 52.1 (18.8) years at COVID-19 diagnosis. These individuals were matched to 126 437 controls without IMIDs. The incidence of VTE within 6 months of COVID-19 diagnosis among 28 440 individuals with an IMID was 2.64 (95% CI, 2.23-3.10) per 100 000 person-days compared with 2.18 (95% CI, 1.99-2.38) per 100 000 person-days among 126 437 matched individuals without IMIDs. The VTE risk was not statistically significantly different among those with vs without IMIDs (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.95-1.32).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this retrospective population-based cohort study of individuals with IMIDs following COVID-19, individuals with IMIDs did not have a higher risk of VTE compared with individuals without an IMID. These data provide reassurance to clinicians caring for individuals with IMIDs and COVID-19.

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Duration of immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in children after natural infection or vaccination in the omicron and pre-omicron era: A systematic review of clinical and immunological studies

Cited by 16 publications

References 62 publications

Live‐virus neutralization of the omicron variant in children and adults 14 months after SARS‐CoV‐2 wild‐type infection

Live‐virus neutralization of the omicron variant in children and adults 14 months after SARS‐CoV‐2 wild‐type infection

Epidemiology of Respiratory Infections during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Venous Thromboembolism After COVID-19 Infection Among People With and Without Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases

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