Durchgang von Wasserstoff durch Metalle

Borelius, G.; Lindblom, Sven

doi:10.1002/andp.19273870205

Cited by 43 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Hence, some aqueous environments can be considered as exerting an effective pressure(or fugacity) of hydro- (55) gen that is very high. Borelius and Lindblom found from the experiment relation for the effective hydrogen pressure (atm) and the charging current density(Amp/cm2) for iron in a 2% NaOH solution:…”

Section: E Hydrogen Fugacity In Electrochemical Chargingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrogen permeation through annealed zone-refined iron by using electrochemical charging at room temperature

Shih¹

1975

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Section: E Hydrogen Fugacity In Electrochemical Chargingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Note that this curve is obtained from the steady state data and hence it is an emprical one. Borelius and Lindblom found that the relation between· effective (55) pressure ( …”

Section: From Darken and Gurrymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrogen permeation through annealed zone-refined iron by using electrochemical charging at room temperature

Shih¹

1975

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“…(The figure is taken from Borelius who used the data of Sieverts (76).) (The figure is taken from Borelius who used the data of Sieverts (76).)…”

Section: Various Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Mechanism of Heterogeneous Catayltic Organic Reactions. I. Catalytic Hydrogenation.

Schmidt¹

1933

Chem. Rev.

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The process of catalytic hydrogenation of organic compounds is of great interest, not only industrially but also scientifically.It comprises the hydrogenation of fatty substances, the hydrogenation of carboxides with formation of methanol, and a host of other important chemical processes. I n order to master these reactions the most important step is to understand their mechanism.I n hydrogenating fatty oils one or more double bonds between carbon atoms are converted into single bonds ; in hydrogenating carboxides one or more double bonds between carbon and oxygen atoms are reduced. This seems to be a close analogy; nevertheless the mechanism of the two processes is probably quite different, as we shall see later.We consider first the mechanism of the hydrogenation of multiple carbon bonds. For a long time I have adhered to the theory (1) that catalytic hydrogenation of multiple carbon bonds belongs to the great class of catalytic reactions that are produced by ions. I am glad now to have the opportunity of surveying the facts which seem to me to prove that ionic catalysis is involved in this type of hydrogenation.But first, what is ionic catalysis? Ostwald (2) and Arrhenius (3) were the first to find that ions 1 This is the first of a series of three articles. 11, The Dissociation of Carbon Bonds, is scheduled for publication in

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“…Before th e in tro d u ctio n of th e p o ten tio stat, hydrogen evolution on th e polarization side of th e m em brane was necessarily m ade by controlling th e current. N otable early g alv an o static w ork on palladium was done by M akareva (1934), K obozev & M onblanova (1935), B arrer (1940), H eath (1951) an d Schuldiner & H oare (1956); an d on nickel by Alekseev & S avanina (1924), Borelius & Lindblom (1926, 1927 and Borelius (1929). D ev an ath an & S tachurski (1962) ap p ear to have been th e first to use a p o te n tio sta t in hydrogen perm eation experim ents, to generate hydrogen a t c o n stan t p o ten tial on th e polarization side.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Achievable boundary conditions in potentiostatic and galvanostatic hydrogen permeation through palladium and nickel foils

Archer

Grant

1984

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A

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Two popular electrochemical methods for the investigation of the permeability of metal membranes to atomic hydrogen are critically discussed. In the potentiostatic (P) method, hydrogen is generated at constant potential at the entrance face; in the galvanostatic (G) method, it is generated at constant current. In both, the concentration at the exit face of the membrane is zero. The boundary condition at the entrance face usually taken to correspond with these experiments is either that the surface concentration is constant (the C case) or that the flux of hydrogen entering the membrane is constant (the F case). It is pointed out that the widespread assumptions that use of the P technique guarantees the C boundary condition, and that use of the G technique guarantees the F condition, are incorrect. The boundary condition actually established depends on the relative rates of the various steps involved in hydrogen evolution at the entrance face and its diffusion through the membrane. Experimental work on ca . 25 μm thick nickel and palladium, which supports this contention, is described. The F boundary condition is readily established by the G experiment on palladium, but the C condition cannot be established by the P experiment. The converse is true for nickel. These differences are explained in terms of the greater solubility and diffusivity of hydrogen in palladium as compared with nickel. An extended potentiostatic experiment, termed the P f experiment, is described. In the P f experiment, all the potentiostatically generated hydrogen enters the membrane. The currents passing at both faces of the membrane are measured during permeation, and also as they decay after the potential of the entrance face is switched to that of the exit face, causing hydrogen to diffuse out of both sides of the membrane. The P f experiment is shown to work well with thin palladium membranes, and to provide crosschecks on the diffusivity of hydrogen. The diffusion coefficient of hydrogen in nickel is sensitive to the thermal history of the metal. Decay transients give some evidence for the existence of hydrogen traps in both nickel and palladium. The potential of the entrance face during G experiments on either metal is not related to the surface concentration of hydrogen by the Nernst equation. It is concluded that a full analysis of the permeation transients obtained by P or G experiments should be made to establish the boundary conditions actually created by the experimental procedure. Some previously published permeation work is critically examined in the light of this conclusion.

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Durchgang von Wasserstoff durch Metalle

Cited by 43 publications

References 13 publications

Hydrogen permeation through annealed zone-refined iron by using electrochemical charging at room temperature

Hydrogen permeation through annealed zone-refined iron by using electrochemical charging at room temperature

The Mechanism of Heterogeneous Catayltic Organic Reactions. I. Catalytic Hydrogenation.

Achievable boundary conditions in potentiostatic and galvanostatic hydrogen permeation through palladium and nickel foils

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