Durvalumab plus tremelimumab for the treatment of advanced neuroendocrine neoplasms of gastroenteropancreatic and lung origin

Capdevila, Jaume; Hernando, Jorge; Teulé, Alexandre; López, Carlos; García‐Carbonero, Rocío; Benavent, Marta; Custodio, Ana; Garcia-Alvarez, Alejandro; Cubillo, Antonio; Alonso, Vicente; Carmona‐Bayonas, Alberto; Alonso‐Gordoa, Teresa; Crespo, Guillermo; Jiménez‐Fonseca, Paula; Blanco, M.; Viúdez, A.; Casta, Adelaida La; Sevilla, Isabel; Segura, Ángel; Llanos, Marta; Landolfi, Stefania; Nuciforo, Paolo; Manzano, José Luís

doi:10.1038/s41467-023-38611-5

Cited by 20 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Patients with typical and atypical carcinoids (Lung NETs) demonstrated the highest overall response rate (ORR), with no statistically significant difference in progression-free survival (PFS) between the Lung NETs and other groups, such as gastrointestinal and pancreatic NETs. However, in terms of overall survival, patients with Lung NETs experienced a greater benefit than those in other study groups [ 76 ].…”

Section: Navigating Therapeutic Strategies: Efficacy In Treating Lung...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lung NETs and GEPNETs: One Cancer with Different Origins or Two Distinct Cancers?

Evangelou,

Vamvakaris,

Papafili

et al. 2024

Cancers

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Lung neuroendocrine tumors (LNETs) and gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) are two distinct types of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) that have traditionally been treated as a single entity despite originating from different sources. Although they share certain phenotypic characteristics and the expression of neuroendocrine markers, they exhibit differences in their microenvironment, molecular mutations, and responses to various therapeutic regimens. Recent research has explored the genetic alterations in these tumors, revealing dissimilarities in the frequently mutated genes, the role of EGFR in carcinogenesis, the presence of transcription factors, and the immunogenicity of the tumor and its microenvironment. Spread Through Air Spaces (STAS), a phenomenon unique to lung carcinomas, appears to play a crucial role in LNET prognosis. These distinctions are also evident in the cascade response of lung and GI tract neuroendocrine tumors to somatostatin analogs, Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy (PRRT), chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. Identifying similarities and differences between the two groups may improve our understanding of the underlying mechanisms and facilitate the development of more effective treatment strategies.

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Section: Navigating Therapeutic Strategies: Efficacy In Treating Lung...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lung NETs and GEPNETs: One Cancer with Different Origins or Two Distinct Cancers?

Evangelou,

Vamvakaris,

Papafili

et al. 2024

Cancers

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“…The FDA has approved the treatment of multiple tumor types, including melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, and urothelial cancer. A previous study has suggested that poorly-differentiated gastrointestinal NENs, mismatch repair deficiency, or microsatellite instability are indications for ICB [ 135 ].…”

Section: Management Of Gep-nensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms: current development, challenges, and clinical perspectives

Zhang,

Fan,

Jing

et al. 2024

Military Med Res

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Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are highly heterogeneous and potentially malignant tumors arising from secretory cells of the neuroendocrine system. Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NENs) are the most common subtype of NENs. Historically, GEP-NENs have been regarded as infrequent and slow-growing malignancies; however, recent data have demonstrated that the worldwide prevalence and incidence of GEP-NENs have increased exponentially over the last three decades. In addition, an increasing number of studies have proven that GEP-NENs result in a limited life expectancy. These findings suggested that the natural biology of GEP-NENs is more aggressive than commonly assumed. Therefore, there is an urgent need for advanced researches focusing on the diagnosis and management of patients with GEP-NENs. In this review, we have summarized the limitations and recent advancements in our comprehension of the epidemiology, clinical presentations, pathology, molecular biology, diagnosis, and treatment of GEP-NETs to identify factors contributing to delays in diagnosis and timely treatment of these patients.

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“…PD-L1 expression by combined positive score (CPS) did not correlate with treatment activity. In analyzed patients, no microsatellite instability (MSI)-high status was reported [ 71 ].…”

Section: Therapeutic Approach To Upo-nenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Treatment Options for Neuroendocrine Neoplasms of Unknown Primary Origin: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives

Corti,

Rossi,

Cafaro

et al. 2024

Cancers

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Among neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs), a non-negligible proportion (9–22%) is represented by sufferers of NENs of unknown primary origin (UPO), a poor prognostic group with largely unmet clinical needs. In the absence of standard therapeutic algorithms, current guidelines suggest that the treatment of UPO-NENs should be based on tumor clinical-pathological characteristics, disease burden, and patient conditions. Chemotherapy represents the backbone for the treatment of high-grade poorly differentiated UPO-NENs, usually providing deep but short-lasting responses. Conversely, the spectrum of available systemic therapy options for well-differentiated UPO-NENs may range from somatostatin analogs in indolent low-grade tumors, to peptide receptor radioligand therapy, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), or chemotherapy for more aggressive tumors or in case of high disease burden. In recent years, molecular profiling has provided deep insights into the molecular landscape of UPO-NENs, with both diagnostic and therapeutic implications. Although preliminary, interesting activity data have been provided about upfront chemoimmunotherapy, the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), and the combination of ICIs plus TKIs in this setting. Here, we review the literature from the last 30 years to examine the available evidence about the treatment of UPO-NENs, with a particular focus on future perspectives, including the expanding scenario of targeted agents in this setting.

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Durvalumab plus tremelimumab for the treatment of advanced neuroendocrine neoplasms of gastroenteropancreatic and lung origin

Cited by 20 publications

References 33 publications

Lung NETs and GEPNETs: One Cancer with Different Origins or Two Distinct Cancers?

Lung NETs and GEPNETs: One Cancer with Different Origins or Two Distinct Cancers?

Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms: current development, challenges, and clinical perspectives

Emerging Treatment Options for Neuroendocrine Neoplasms of Unknown Primary Origin: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives

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