Dust in ITER: Diagnostics and removal techniques

Rosanvallon, S.; Grisolia, C.; Delaporte, Ph.; Worms, Jean-Claude; Onofri, Fabrice; Hong, Suk–Ho; Counsell, G.; Winter, J.

doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2008.12.195

Cited by 19 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Additional properties of W supporting this application of W are: its high thermal conductivity (for removal of heat), low thermal expansion coefficient and low Young modulus (for minimizing the mechanical stresses) and low sputtering yield (for keeping low contamination of the plasma) [1]. Still, the dust generated due to plasma wall interaction may have critical effects on the functioning of the reactor, leading to: (i) cooling of the fusion plasma [7], (ii) accumulation of the fuel in the dust and thus generating possible radioactive safety issues [8] and (iii) biological safety issues regarding dust spreading in case of nuclear accidents such as loss of vacuum accidents [9]. Tests over these effects may be performed using W particles (dust, with dimension starting from nanometric and up to micron range [10,11]).…”

Section: Tungsten Nanoparticles: Their Applications and Methods For Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tungsten Nanoparticles Produced by Magnetron Sputtering Gas Aggregation: Process Characterization and Particle Properties

Acsente¹,

Bernard²,

Dinescu³

et al. 2020

Progress in Fine Particle Plasmas

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Tungsten and tungsten nanoparticles are involved in a series of processes, in nanotechnology, metallurgy, and fusion technology. Apart from chemical methods, nanoparticle synthesis by plasma offers advantages as good control of size, shape, and surface chemistry. The plasma methods are also environmentally friendly. In this chapter, we present aspects related to the magnetron sputtering gas aggregation (MSGA) process applied to synthesis of tungsten nanoparticles, with size in the range of tens to hundreds of nanometers. We present the MSGA process and its peculiarities in the case of tungsten nanoparticle synthesis. The properties of the obtained particles with a focus on the influence of the process parameters over the particle production rate, their size, morphology, and structure are discussed. To the end, we emphasize the utility of such particles for assessing the environmental and biological impacts in case of using tungsten as wall material in thermonuclear fusion reactors.

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Section: Tungsten Nanoparticles: Their Applications and Methods For Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tungsten Nanoparticles Produced by Magnetron Sputtering Gas Aggregation: Process Characterization and Particle Properties

Acsente¹,

Bernard²,

Dinescu³

et al. 2020

Progress in Fine Particle Plasmas

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“…Interactions of the high-energy plasma in fusion-energy devices with the internal surfaces of the devices can result in the formation and release of particles that range in size from nanometers to many micrometers in diameter, including some particles that may be radioactive (Rosanvallon et al, 2009;Sharpe et al, 2002). Assessments and inhalation toxicology studies of particles of health concern in fusion reactor systems have addressed a range of materials from lithium and beryllium to heavy metals (Allen et al, 1986;Harmsen et al, 1984;Hoover et al, 1984;.…”

Section: Incidentally Produced Radioactive Nanomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation Safety Aspects of Nanotechnology

Hoover¹,

Myers²,

Cash³

et al. 2017

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LEGAL NOTICE This Report was prepared by the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP). The Council strives to provide accurate, complete and useful information in its documents. However, neither NCRP, the members of NCRP, other persons contributing to or assisting in the preparation of this Report, nor any person acting on the behalf of any of these parties: (a) makes any warranty or representation, express or implied, with respect to the accuracy, completeness or usefulness of the information contained in this Report, or that the use of any information, method or process disclosed in this Report may not infringe on privately owned rights; or (b) assumes any liability with respect to the use of, or for damages resulting from the use of any information, method or process disclosed in this Report, under the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Section 701 et seq. as amended 42 U.S.C. Section 2000e et seq. (Title VII) or any other statutory or common law theory governing liability. Disclaimer Any mention of commercial products within NCRP publications is for information only; it does not imply recommendation or endorsement by NCRP.

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“…The capability of deducing global measurements from local ones due to reduce measurement zone must be also addressed. It has to be stressed that erosion diagnostics [14] are the only one that could give the envelope value of the in-vessel dust quantity considering Cd = 1 and enable the comparison with the safety limits.…”

Section: In Situ Tokamak Dust Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%