Dust-ion-acoustic Gardner solitons in a dusty plasma with bi-Maxwellian electrons

Abstract

The nonlinear propagation of dust-ion-acoustic (DIA) waves in a dusty plasma with bi-Maxwellian electrons, namely, lower and higher temperature electrons (composed of negatively charged stationary dust, inertial ions, and non-inertial two-temperature-electrons) is investigated by deriving the Gardner equation using the reductive perturbation technique. The basic features (amplitude, width, etc.) of the hump (positive potential) and dip (negative potential) shaped DIA solitons (Gardner solitons, i.e., GSs) are found to exist beyond the Korteweg-de Vries (K-dV) limit. These DIA-GSs are qualitatively different from the K-dV and modified K-dV solitons. It is also shown that depending on the parameter r (where r ¼ T e1 =T e2 , T e1 and T e2 being the temperatures of two distinct electrons and T e1 ( T e2 ), the DIA-GSs exhibit hump and dip shape solitary structures. The implications of our results in understanding the localized nonlinear electrostatic perturbations observed in double-plasma machines, rf discharge plasma, noctilucent cloud region in Earths atmosphere, etc., where population of two thermal electrons can significantly dominate the wave dynamics, are also briefly addressed. V C 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.

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