Dwelling on distractors varying in target-distractor similarity

Horstmann, Gernot; Ernst, Daniel; Becker, Stefanie I.

doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2019.05.011

Cited by 11 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Saccadic control is important in daily life since saccades form the basis of visual searching in a complex environment, allowing oneself to direct attention to information that is relevant to one’s goal while at the same time excluding irrelevant information [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. As such, effective and efficient saccadic abilities facilitate the goal-directed acquisition of information from the external world.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computerized Eye-Tracking Training Improves the Saccadic Eye Movements of Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

et al. 2020

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Abnormal saccadic eye movements, such as longer anti-saccade latency and lower pro-saccade accuracy, are common in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of computerized eye-tracking training on improving saccadic eye movements in children with ADHD. Eighteen children with ADHD (mean age = 8.8 years, 10 males) were recruited and assigned to either the experimental (n = 9) or control group (n = 9). The experimental group underwent an accumulated 240 min of eye-tracking training within two weeks, whereas the control group engaged in web game playing for the same amount of time. Saccadic performances were assessed using the anti- and pro-saccade tasks before and after training. Compared to the baseline, only the children who underwent the eye-tracking training showed significant improvements in saccade latency and accuracy in the anti- and pro-saccade tasks, respectively. In contrast, the control group exhibited no significant changes. These preliminary findings support the use of eye-tracking training as a safe non-pharmacological intervention for improving the saccadic eye movements of children with ADHD.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computerized Eye-Tracking Training Improves the Saccadic Eye Movements of Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

et al. 2020

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“…All analyses were run with linear mixed-effects regression, as described above, and included the same random effects. Gaze behavior was similar on target-present and -absent trials (see [ 51 , 52 ]), and will therefore be excluded for most models. We should note that just because the mouse contingent condition allows the aperture center to diverge from the center of the gaze, this does not guarantee that participants would adopt such a strategy.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

No Advantage for Separating Overt and Covert Attention in Visual Search

MacInnes

Jóhannesson

Chetverikov

et al. 2020

Vision

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We move our eyes roughly three times every second while searching complex scenes, but covert attention helps to guide where we allocate those overt fixations. Covert attention may be allocated reflexively or voluntarily, and speeds the rate of information processing at the attended location. Reducing access to covert attention hinders performance, but it is not known to what degree the locus of covert attention is tied to the current gaze position. We compared visual search performance in a traditional gaze-contingent display, with a second task where a similarly sized contingent window is controlled with a mouse, allowing a covert aperture to be controlled independently by overt gaze. Larger apertures improved performance for both the mouse- and gaze-contingent trials, suggesting that covert attention was beneficial regardless of control type. We also found evidence that participants used the mouse-controlled aperture somewhat independently of gaze position, suggesting that participants attempted to untether their covert and overt attention when possible. This untethering manipulation, however, resulted in an overall cost to search performance, a result at odds with previous results in a change blindness paradigm. Untethering covert and overt attention may therefore have costs or benefits depending on the task demands in each case.

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“…This 47% increase in fixations on targets over distractors was comparable to previous work. In a traditional visual search task with static images, Horstmann et al (2019) found an approximate increase of 33% in Mean Number of Fixations for targets compared to target-similar distractors. Watson et al (2019) found approximately a 10% increase overall in fixations for targets compared distractors in a study using a reward learning visual search task.…”

Section: Increased Number Of Fixations and Dwell Time On Targets Compmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Humvee vs another large vehicle). The effect of target-distractor similarity could have led to the need for increased visual attention to confidently distinguish between targets and distractors and decreased search efficiency (Duncan and Humphreys, 1989;Wolfe, 1994aWolfe, , 2007Zelinsky, 2008;Horstmann et al, 2019). It should also be noted that novelty of an object could have increased frequency of fixations.…”

Section: Increased Number Of Fixations and Dwell Time On Targets Compmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Target Objects from Gaze Behavior during a Virtual Navigation Task

Enders¹,

Smith²,

Gordon³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Eye tracking has been an essential tool within the vision science community for many years. However, the majority of studies involving eye-tracking technology employ a relatively passive approach through the use of static imagery, prescribed motion, or video stimuli. This is in contrast to our everyday interaction with the natural world where we navigate our environment while actively seeking and using task-relevant visual information. For this reason, vision researchers are beginning to use virtual environment platforms, which offer interactive, realistic visual environments while maintaining a substantial level of experimental control. Here, we recorded eye movement behavior while participants freely navigated through a complex virtual environment. Within this environment, participants completed a visual search task where they were asked to find and count occurrence of specific targets among numerous distractor items. We assigned each participant into one of four target groups: Humvees, motorcycles, aircraft, or furniture. Our results show a significant relationship between gaze behavior and target objects across subject groups. Specifically, we see an increased number of fixations and increase dwell time on target relative to distractor objects. In addition, we included a divided attention task to investigate how search patterns changed with the addition of a secondary task. With increased cognitive load, subjects slowed their speed, decreased gaze on objects, and increased the number of objects scanned in the environment. Overall, our results confirm previous findings from more controlled laboratory settings and demonstrate that complex virtual environments can be used for active visual search experimentation, maintaining a high level of precision in the quantification of gaze information and visual attention. This study contributes to our understanding of how individuals search for information in a naturalistic virtual environment. Likewise, our paradigm provides an intriguing look into the heterogeneity of individual behaviors when completing an un-timed visual search task while actively navigating.

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Dwelling on distractors varying in target-distractor similarity

Cited by 11 publications

References 40 publications

Computerized Eye-Tracking Training Improves the Saccadic Eye Movements of Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Computerized Eye-Tracking Training Improves the Saccadic Eye Movements of Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

No Advantage for Separating Overt and Covert Attention in Visual Search

Identification of Target Objects from Gaze Behavior during a Virtual Navigation Task

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