Dy3+-doped germanate glasses for waveguide-typed irradiation light sources

Topological model of alkali germanate glasses and exploration of the germanate anomaly

“…Germanate glasses are known for their excellent optical properties, 1,2 making them suitable for application in optical systems [3][4][5] due to their low transmission losses 6 and low phonon energies 7 compared to many silicates. 8 They also feature high solubility for rare earth elements, 9,10 which has facilitated interest in the development of germanate-based optical sensors, 11 solar cells, 12 lasers, 13,14 and waveguides. 9,15 Alkali germanates are particularly interesting for their unique composition dependence of properties such as density, 16,17 refractive index, 16 elastic moduli, 18 and glass transition temperature (T g ).…”

“…8 They also feature high solubility for rare earth elements, 9,10 which has facilitated interest in the development of germanate-based optical sensors, 11 solar cells, 12 lasers, 13,14 and waveguides. 9,15 Alkali germanates are particularly interesting for their unique composition dependence of properties such as density, 16,17 refractive index, 16 elastic moduli, 18 and glass transition temperature (T g ). 19 In silicate glasses, the addition of alkali results in a monotonic scaling of many properties, corresponding to the formation of non-bridging oxygens (NBOs).…”