Dynamic analyses of regenerative fuel cell power for potential use in renewable residential applications

Maclay, James D.; Brouwer, Jacob; Samuelsen, G. S.

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2005.10.008

Cited by 74 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…At the distributed power scale, fuel cell systems are preferred since they can directly use the typically distributed availability of renewable fuels (e.g., biogas, landfill gas), and can increasingly use these resources to produce electricity, heat and fuel without transmission and distribution system losses. Such fuel cell systems can then also become highly dynamic in their dispatch capabilities (over time) to support increasingly higher levels of renewable power use [15]. Finally, these dynamically dispatched fuel cell systems can readily evolve into the ideal clean fueled power plant technology for the ultimate goal of 100% renewable primary energy use as solar and wind power that would otherwise be curtailed can be converted to hydrogen for zero emissions power and heat production from fuel cells [16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chapter 5. Assessing the Need for High Impact Technology Research, Development & Deployment for Mitigating Climate Change

et al. 2016

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Technology is a centrally important component of all strategies to mitigate climate change. As such, it encompasses a multi-dimensional space that is far too large to be fully addressed in this brief chapter. Consequently, we have elected to focus on a subset of topics that we believe have the potential for substantial impact. As researchers, we have also narrowed our focus to address applied research, development and deployment issues and omit basic research topics that have a longer-term impact. This handful of topics also omits technologies that we deem to be relatively mature, such as solar photovoltaics and wind turbines, even though we acknowledge that additional research could further reduce costs and enhance performance. These and other mature technologies such as transportation are discussed in Chapter 6.This report and the related Summit Conference are an outgrowth of the University of California President's Carbon Neutrality Initiative, and consequently we are strongly motivated by the special demands of this ambitious goal, as we are also motivated by the corresponding goals for the State of California, the nation and the world. The unique feature of the UC Carbon Neutrality Initiative is the quest to achieve zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2025 at all ten 10 campuses. It should be emphasized that a zero emission target is enormously demanding and requires careful strategic planning to arrive at a mix of technologies, policies, and behavioral measures, as well as highly effective communication -all of which are far more challenging than reducing emissions by some 40% or even 80%. Each campus has a unique set of requirements based on its current energy and emissions. Factors such as a local climate, dependence on cogeneration, access to wholesale electricity markets, and whether a medical school is included shape the specific challenges of the campuses, each of which is a "living laboratory" setting a model for others to learn and adopt.An additional aspect of a zero GHG emission target is the need to pay close attention to system integration -i.e., how the various elements of a plan to achieve carbon neutrality fit together in the most cost effective and efficient way. This optimization imposes an additional constraint, but also provides an important opportunity to capture the synergies that can arise from those choices. For example, one of the themes that has been proposed is the complete electrification of energy supplies, residential & commercial building operation, and transportation. The deployment of storage technologies such as batteries and/or hydrogen for both transportation and for load balancing of grid and distributed generation may provide some synergistic opportunities for integrating these systems that will accelerate the deployment of each. A specific example is the use of on-board batteries in electric vehicles for load balancing the electric grid. On-site residential storage as is now being developed by Tesla Motors, has the potential to accelerate the deployment of residential sol...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chapter 5. Assessing the Need for High Impact Technology Research, Development & Deployment for Mitigating Climate Change

et al. 2016

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“…The dynamic data for PV power output (kW vs. time (s)) were determined by measurement of a Unisolar 6 kW nominal DC amorphous PV array installed at the University of California, Irvine (latitude: 33.6 N, longitude: 117.7 W), on a time interval of every 15 min, 24 h/day [8,22,23] …”

Section: Measured Solar Photovoltaic Power Outputmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic operation and feasibility study of a self-sustainable hydrogen fueling station using renewable energy sources

Brouwer

2015

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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a b s t r a c tTo evaluate the dynamic operation and feasibility of designing and operating a selfsustainable hydrogen fueling station using renewable energy sources, dynamic system models have been developed for a hydrogen fueling station utilizing a proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer and fuel cell. Using fueling and power demand data from an existing public hydrogen station in Irvine, California, dynamic analyses of the selfsustainable station have been carried out. Various control strategies are developed and evaluated to determine the impacts of control strategies and renewable capacity factors on the efficiency and other performance characteristics of the station. The simulation results and analysis suggest that with careful sizing and system design, a self-sustainable hydrogen fueling station that relies completely upon renewable sources for hydrogen production, storage and dispensing is feasible. Moreover, a cost and sensitivity analysis is carried out to evaluate the levelized hydrogen cost for different station designs. The cost of the hydrogen is determined to be as low as $6.71 per kg or $9.14 per kg when the station is powered by 200 kW of wind turbines or 360 kW of PV arrays, respectively.

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“…Optimal sizing of storage unit is important to obtain reliable power generation [98,99]. In domestic and microgrid renewable generation, energy storage units are employed for satisfaction of electricity needs [100][101][102][103][104]. Maclay et al presented a PV-hydrogen powered model for both standalone and grid-connected operation employing Matlab/Simulink tool to access computability of a regenerative fuel cell (RFC) as energy storage device with PV electrical generation and discussed issues like battery sizing, charge/discharge rates, and state of charge limitations [101].…”

Section: >90 Po Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In domestic and microgrid renewable generation, energy storage units are employed for satisfaction of electricity needs [100][101][102][103][104]. Maclay et al presented a PV-hydrogen powered model for both standalone and grid-connected operation employing Matlab/Simulink tool to access computability of a regenerative fuel cell (RFC) as energy storage device with PV electrical generation and discussed issues like battery sizing, charge/discharge rates, and state of charge limitations [101]. Xu et al proposed an improved optimal sizing method for wind-PV-battery hybrid power system for standalone 6 Journal of Renewable Energy In this DMPPT scheme, current compensation has been simplified with accurate compensation to assure MPPT by special arrangement of shunt-connected flyback dc-dc converter.…”

Section: >90 Po Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decentralized Autonomous Hybrid Renewable Power Generation

Kumar

Palwalia

2015

Journal of Renewable Energy

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Power extension of grid to isolated regions is associated with technical and economical issues. It has encouraged exploration and exploitation of decentralized power generation using renewable energy sources (RES). RES based power generation involves uncertain availability of power source round the clock. This problem has been overcome to certain extent by installing appropriate integrated energy storage unit (ESU). This paper presents technical review of hybrid wind and photovoltaic (PV) generation in standalone mode. Associated components like converters, storage unit, controllers, and optimization techniques affect overall generation. Wind and PV energy are readily available, omnipresent, and expected to contribute major future energy market. It can serve to overcome global warming problem arising due to emissions in fossil fuel based thermal generation units. This paper includes the study of progressive development of standalone renewable generation units based on wind and PV microgrids.

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Dynamic analyses of regenerative fuel cell power for potential use in renewable residential applications

Cited by 74 publications

References 26 publications

Chapter 5. Assessing the Need for High Impact Technology Research, Development & Deployment for Mitigating Climate Change

Chapter 5. Assessing the Need for High Impact Technology Research, Development & Deployment for Mitigating Climate Change

Dynamic operation and feasibility study of a self-sustainable hydrogen fueling station using renewable energy sources

Decentralized Autonomous Hybrid Renewable Power Generation

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