Dynamic depth-dependent osmotic swelling and solute diffusion in articular cartilage monitored using real-time ultrasound

Zheng, Yongping; Shi, Jun; Qin, Ling; Patil, Sushil Gopichand; Mow, Van C.; Zhou, Kangyuan

doi:10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2004.02.009

Cited by 24 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…25,50 In our test on the articular cartilage, water (nearly 0 M NaCl) was used to eject a water jet as the indenter to deform the cartilage after it was moved away from the normal saline solution (0.15 M NaCl). As reported by Zheng et al, 71,74 the intact cartilage sample reached its maximal swelling strain (less than 0.1%) with an average swelling duration of approximately 300 s when the bathing solution was suddenly changed from 0.15 to 0.015 M NaCl. In our experiments, the cartilage sample was scanned under a very low constant pressure by the water jet for 15 min before it was deformed.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

“…56 The sample was first scanned using the water jet with the pressure applied on the sample surface no more than 1 kPa after the indentation sites were determined. This process last for about 15 min which allowed the cartilage swelling caused by the change of the concentration of solution from 0.15 M to approximate 0 M. 67,71 Towards the end of this period, the ultrasound echo reflected from the articular surface was recorded for six times at each selected site for each sample. The peak-to-peak echo amplitudes recorded from the intact cartilage sample A intact and the sample after digestion treatment A digest at the identical indentation site were compared to investigate if there was significant difference between them.…”

Section: The Ultrasound Water Jet Indentation Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Noncontact Evaluation of Articular Cartilage Degeneration Using a Novel Ultrasound Water Jet Indentation System

Zheng

Huang

et al. 2008

Ann Biomed Eng

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Assessment of articular cartilage degeneration induced by degenerative diseases using quantitative ultrasound method is promising but challenging. Currently, in literature, proposed methods have limited diagnostic abilities, and some quantitative ultrasound cartilage evaluation results are inconsistent or hard to compare with each other. Thus it is desirable to find a parameter which is easier to compare and can sensitively reflect changes due to cartilage degeneration. In the present study, a new parameter "averaged magnitude ratio" (AMR) was defined as an indicator to detect articular cartilage degeneration. In vitro experiments were conducted on 12 cartilage-bone samples from porcine knee joints. Six of the samples were digested using 0.25% trypsin solution. Ultrasound V (z, t) signal was collected from the samples using a broadband ultrasound transducer with center frequency of 15MHz. Integrated reflection coefficient (IRC), apparent integrated backscattering coefficient (AIB) and AMR were computed from ultrasound signal. Young's modulus of the samples was measured using atomic force microscopy (AFM). With Mann-Whitney U test, statistically significant decrease in IRC and increase in AMR were observed after digestion. With Pearson's correlation analysis, Young's modulus was significantly correlated with AMR, IRC, and AIB. Our results demonstrate that AMR is sensitive to enzymatically induced cartilage changes. AMR is easier to compute, needs no reference material and can achieve equivalent or even better performance than IRC and AIB in detecting cartilage degeneration.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: The Ultrasound Water Jet Indentation Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noncontact Evaluation of Articular Cartilage Degeneration Using a Novel Ultrasound Water Jet Indentation System

Zheng

Huang

et al. 2008

Ann Biomed Eng

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“…Therefore, detecting early signs of cartilage 23 echo at the interface between these tissues. The motion of this echo toward the bone, as 1 trypsin penetrates deeper in the cartilage, has been observed in M-mode images 2 (Nieminen et al 2002;Zheng et al 2004b). 3 4 In this study, we investigate this ultrasound approach for tracking in real-time the 5 penetration of trypsin and measuring the transient speed of digestion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Real-Time Ultrasonic Assessment of Progressive Proteoglycan Depletion in Articular Cartilage

Wang

Zheng

Qin

et al. 2008

Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology

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1The loss of proteoglycan (PG) is regarded as one of the early signs of osteoarthritis (OA), 2 thus observing the progress of PG loss would be useful for the early detection of OA. In 3 this study, high-frequency ultrasound was used to monitor and analyze the trypsin-4 induced progressive degeneration in articular cartilage. Full-thickness cartilage-bone 5 specimens (n = 10) prepared from normal bovine patellae were digested using 0.25% 6 trypsin solution for different periods of time to evaluate the dynamic of the digestion 7 process. The trypsin penetration front was observed in M-mode image, which was 8 acquired using a nominal 50 MHz focused transducer. The transient speed of the 9 digestion process was estimated from the image. The digestion fraction, which represents 10 the ratio of the digestion depth to the total cartilage thickness, was estimated from 11 ultrasound data and histology sections. With ultrasound, the digestion fraction observed 12 in the 10 specimens ranged from 64 to 99%, and was correlated to that measured by 13 histology (R 2  0.63, p<0.05). It was found that the digestion speed decreased nonlinearly 14 with depth from 0.61 ± 0.16 m/s (mean ± SD) in the superficial zone to 0.04 ± 0.02 15 m/s in a region located at 70% of the cartilage thickness in depth. The relationship 16 between the digestion depth and the exposure duration in trypsin could be described 17 using a 3 rd order polynomial function. The full-thickness of digested and undigested 18 tissues was also measured using caliper, estimated from ultrasound data and histology 19 sections, and compared. These findings indicate that ultrasound could provide useful 20 information about the trypsin-induced progressive PG depletion in articular cartilage. 21Therefore, ultrasound represents a useful tool to evaluate the dynamic of models of OA in 22 vitro in cartilage specimens in a research environment, and this would ultimately help the 23 in-vitro examination of articular cartilage for research related to model of OA from the 24 early stages of tissue degradation. 25

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“…Because of its microscopic resolution, high frequency ultrasound (HFU) may provide more information about the morphological, acoustical and mechanical properties of soft tissues [15,16,17,18]. HFU has been used in the study of cartilage maturity [19], cartilage morphology [2024], cartilage repair and quantitative evaluation of tissue properties [25,26]. Combined with indentation and compression technology, it can even be used to measure the tissue elasticity of AC [27,28,29,30].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasound speed and attenuation in progressive trypsin digested articular cartilage

Huang

Sun

et al. 2011

Sci. China Life Sci.

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Subtle changes of articular cartilage (AC) can lead to tissue degeneration and even osteoarthritis (OA). The early degeneration of AC is closely related to a change in proteoglycans (PG) content. The observation of PG is therefore an appropriate way of studying OA and evaluating the degree of AC degeneration. In this study, 20 cartilage-bone samples were prepared from normal porcine femoral condyle cartilage and 10 samples were digested over 2 h using 0.25% trypsin solution. The dynamic process of PG-digestion was explored using a conventional A-mode ultrasound (US) experimental system with a 10 MHz center frequency. Quantitative acoustic parameters were calculated from ultrasonic radio-frequency echo signals and included US speed (USS), US amplitude attenuation coefficient (UAA) and broadband US attenuation coefficient (BUA). The experimental results showed that the conventional A-mode ultrasound is valuable for tracking the degree of PG-digestion. Histology also confirmed the validity of the ultrasound observations. For every AC sample, the degree of PG-digestion within a given time was different and was affected by individual differences. After two hours of degeneration, USS showed a mean decrease of 0.4% (P<0.05). UAA was significantly lower after a two-hour PG depletion period (from (2.45±0.23) to (2.28±0.41) dB mm 1 ).BUA showed no significant differences during this process. In conclusion, conventional ultrasound can provide useful information about trypsin-induced progressive PG depletion in AC and can reflect variations of PG content via the quantitative acoustic parameters USS and UAA. The results of this study may be used to identify an indirect indicator of cartilage matrix integrity and OA disease progression.

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Dynamic depth-dependent osmotic swelling and solute diffusion in articular cartilage monitored using real-time ultrasound

Cited by 24 publications

References 33 publications

Noncontact Evaluation of Articular Cartilage Degeneration Using a Novel Ultrasound Water Jet Indentation System

Noncontact Evaluation of Articular Cartilage Degeneration Using a Novel Ultrasound Water Jet Indentation System

Real-Time Ultrasonic Assessment of Progressive Proteoglycan Depletion in Articular Cartilage

Ultrasound speed and attenuation in progressive trypsin digested articular cartilage

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