Dynamic Electro-Magnetic-Thermal Modeling of MMC-Based DC–DC Converter for Real-Time Simulation of MTDC Grid

Abstract

The model of a modular multilevel converter (MMC) determines the extent of critical circuit information that electromagnetic transient simulations can reveal. In this paper, two MMC models are proposed for efficient real-time hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) emulation on the field-programmable-gate-arrays (FPGA). The nonlinear switch-based model employing the insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) dynamic curve-fitting model considers factors affecting its transient performance so that device-level behavior such as power loss and junction temperature can be reproduced accurately in the electro-magnetic-thermal simulation of a power converter for its design evaluation. Meanwhile, regarding the MMC submodule as a transmission line stub achieves faster computation speed and enables the formation of a hybrid arm to save FPGA hardware resources. As the large network that the MMC presents is burdensome for real-time execution with a small time-step, circuit simplification based on partitioning and merging is conducted. Hardware implementation of a three-terminal high-voltage direct-current system containing an MMC-based dcdc converter is carried out and the efficacy of proposed models is validated by comparing HIL emulation results with the offline simulation tool PSCAD/EMTDC.

Device‐level modelling and FPGA‐based real‐time simulation of the power electronic system in fuel cell electric vehicle

“…The IGBT is operating in the saturation region and the v ce variation caused by different values v ge is insignificant and v ce is regarded as the constant on-state value. The v ge can be also modelled by (10). The i c is the load current I L .…”

“…In the literature, the device‐level real‐time simulation has been studied mostly in high‐power applications, such as the MMC‐based power system [6, 9, 10]. The implementation methods target at the high‐power application, where relatively large time‐scale of switching transient is simulated (several microseconds).…”

Iterative identification methods for a class of bilinear systems by using the particle filtering technique

“…24,25 There are two kind of methods to establish the mathematical model of systems: the mechanism analysis method and the experimental identification method. [26][27][28] The former method uses some basic laws from physics or chemistry to describe the dynamical behaviors of a process, and is mainly applied to the simple system with a clear understanding of the system structure and parameters. Therefore, system identification, a kind of experimental identification method, becomes the common choice for establishing the mathematical models of linear or nonlinear systems.…”

“…3. Resampling: Based on the normalized weights in(26), reproduce and eliminate the particleŝi k (s − j), and reset the weights i k (s − j) = i k (s − j) = 1 N . 4.…”

Multi-Port DC-DC and DC-AC Converters for Large-Scale Integration of Renewable Power Generation

“…In the last five years, multi-port converters (MPCs) in MTDC grids have drawn significant research attention due to their unmatchable control performance, which is critical in renewable power applications integrated into AC and DC grids [15,[19][20][21]. Multi-terminal DC networks provide the main platforms for realization of future super girds, in which large powers can be exchanged between networks dispersed over wide geographical areas, particularly those with large renewable energy-based power plants such as wind and solar photovoltaic [1,22,23].…”