Dynamic esophageal lengthening for long gap esophageal atresia: Experience with two cases

Histological study of the elongated esophagus in a rat model

“…Similarly to several surgical techniques used for esophageal elongation (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17), in this study the esophagus was elongated by traction as well. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to clarify which part of the esophagus was elongated by traction.…”

“…Esophageal elongation by traction suture has been used for the management of long-gap esophageal atresia (EA) in pediatric patients (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)). Foker's method is one of the surgical techniques used to elongate the esophagus.…”

Long gap esophageal atresia: lengthening technique and primary anastomosis

“…However, this did not prevent pneumothorax and leakage in several studies [2,3]. The main problem was that the traction sutures usually cut through the esophagus and cause leakage and disruption of traction [2][3][4][5][6][7]. Some authors suggested the use of pledgeted sutures to eliminate shear at the tissue-suture junction.…”

“…It is still the opinion of most surgeons that the native esophagus is the best conduit [1]. There have been several reports in infants with long gap esophageal atresia of successful mechanical esophageal elongation using Foker technique and its application in clinical practice [2][3][4][5][6][7]. The major drawback with this technique is that the traction sutures may cut through the esophagus in many cases [2,3].…”

Difficult esophageal atresia: Trick and treat

“…56 In 2003, the group from Montreal published 3 consecutive LGEA treated with definitive esophageal anastomosis 10-14 days after birth, adopting the same technique of ET 67 and Skarsgard reported 2 cases of LGEA successfully treated with ET technique as well. 68 Currently, the Foker procedure, or its modifications, has been successfully used in more than 100 infants with LGEA worldwide. 54,[67][68][69][70][71][72] In the largest single author experience on 63 consecutive patients with a gap greater than 2.5 cm, the ET allowed primary repair of the esophagus in all cases within 3-31 days (mean 14 7 7 days), with a rate of gap shortening of 0.53 7 0.2 cm/day.…”