Dynamic Femtocell gNB On/Off Strategies and Seamless Dual Connectivity in 5G Heterogeneous Cellular Networks

Huang, Xiaoge; Tang, She; Qian, Zheng; Zhang, Dongyu; Chen, Qianbin

doi:10.1109/access.2018.2796126

Cited by 46 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…e maximum loads of MBS, PBS, and FBS within one transmission time are 50, 8, and 4, respectively. e maximum loads of MBS, PBS, and FBS are 100, 16, and 8, respectively [26]. In this simulation scenario, we assume many low-speed mobile users but fewer motor vehicle users.…”

Section: Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…is is because some users directly associated with the MBS depending on their moving speed, and the transmission power of the MBS was significantly higher than that of the small cells. In the LAO (23) Initialization: (24) All BSs hold "on", i.e., ψ � 1 1×M ; L FBSs ; (25) Sort L FBSs ; (26) repeat (27) Turn off FBSs i based on the load of FBSs; (28) Update the EE by the user association algorithm, set ψ i � 0, and record the number of FBSs turned off is n; (29) until EE(n − 2) > EE(n − 1)&p out < ξ ALGORITHM 2: LAO algorithm.…”

Section: Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where p m indicates the transmission power of BS m; ψ m indicates the state of BS m when ψ m � 1; BS m is in the "on" state; otherwise, ψ m � 0; δ 2 is the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) power; I k,j is the interference introduced by all other BSs (except BS m); p j is the transmission power of BS j; L(·) is the path loss function; and d k,m is the distance from BS m to user k in meters [26]. e path loss between an MBS (or a PBS) and the user is given by…”

Section: System Model As Shown Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As in [26], we introduce an access factor ζ m k and define a utility function to achieve network load balancing. Here, the number of users indicates the load of BSs.…”

Section: System Model As Shown Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Huang et al [25] proposed a network energy efficiency scheme for UDNs by jointly considering BS on/off switching strategies and load balancing. Another study introduced user behavior predictions based on the Markov model and dual connectivitybased seamless handover procedures [26]. Park and Lim [27] proposed a power control algorithm with mobility prediction to perform remote radio head switching operations in a heterogeneous cloud radio access network (H-CRAN) to improve energy efficiency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

User Association and Small-Cell Base Station On/Off Strategies for Energy Efficiency of Ultradense Networks

Gao

Ren

et al. 2019

Mobile Information Systems

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The widespread application of wireless mobile services and requirements of ubiquitous access have resulted in drastic growth of the mobile traffic and huge energy consumption in ultradense networks (UDNs). Therefore, energy-efficient design is very important and is becoming an inevitable trend. To improve the energy efficiency (EE) of UDNs, we present a joint optimization method considering user association and small-cell base station (SBS) on/off strategies in UDNs. The problem is formulated as a nonconvex nonlinear programming problem and is then decomposed into two subproblems: user association and SBS on/off strategies. In the user association strategy, users associate with base stations (BSs) according to their movement speeds and utility function values, under the constraints of the signal-to-interference ratio (SINR) and load balancing. In particular, taking care of user mobility, users are associated if their speed exceeds a certain threshold. The macrocell base station (MBS) considers user mobility, which prevents frequent switching between users and SBSs. In the SBS on/off strategy, SBSs are turned off according to their loads and the amount of time required for mobile users to arrive at a given SBS to further improve network energy efficiency. By turning off SBSs, negative impacts on user associations can be reduced. The simulation results show that relative to conventional algorithms, the proposed scheme achieves energy efficiency performance enhancements.

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Section: Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: System Model As Shown Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As in [26], we introduce an access factor ζ m k and define a utility function to achieve network load balancing. Here, the number of users indicates the load of BSs.…”

Section: System Model As Shown Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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User Association and Small-Cell Base Station On/Off Strategies for Energy Efficiency of Ultradense Networks

Gao

Ren

et al. 2019

Mobile Information Systems

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A new method of hybrid optimization of small cell range development and density for energy efficient ultra‐dense networks

Sidiq

Sheikh

Mustafa

et al. 2022

Trans Emerging Tel Tech

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Ultra-dense networks (UDNs) which comprise of small and macro cells, are considered the principal solution for increasing demands of data. However, making energy efficient networks will be a challenge for researchers. In this article, a hybrid optimization technique is proposed to enhance the energy efficiency (EE) of the UDNs, considering the user correlation and hybrid optimization of the density and transmitting power of the small-cell-base-station (SBS). More precisely, the problem framed is a problem of convex-linear programming and hence is divided into two sub-problems: cell correlation and hybrid optimization. The expression for the EE of the system is derived in the closed-form as a factor of the density of SBSs and small cell-range-development (CRD) bias dependent on the Poisson point process (PPP) followed by the sequential-search-algorithm to improve the small CRD bias and SBS density correspondingly. Additionally, to realize hybrid optimization of the small CRD bias and density of SBSs, a heuristic algorithm is put forward to accomplish the EE of the system. It is revealed from the simulation outcomes that the proposed small CRD bias and SBS density hybrid optimization significantly enhances the EE of the system with low computational intricacy.

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Cluster-Based Dynamic FBSs On/Off Scheme in Heterogeneous Cellular Networks

Huang

Tang

Zhang

et al. 2019

Communications and Networking

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Dynamic Femtocell gNB On/Off Strategies and Seamless Dual Connectivity in 5G Heterogeneous Cellular Networks

Cited by 46 publications

References 16 publications

User Association and Small-Cell Base Station On/Off Strategies for Energy Efficiency of Ultradense Networks

User Association and Small-Cell Base Station On/Off Strategies for Energy Efficiency of Ultradense Networks

A new method of hybrid optimization of small cell range development and density for energy efficient ultra‐dense networks

Cluster-Based Dynamic FBSs On/Off Scheme in Heterogeneous Cellular Networks

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