Dynamic Fluidization of Soils

Richards, Rowland; Elms, David; Budhu, Muniram

doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9410(1990)116:5(740)

Cited by 126 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The computations have been performed by writing a computer program in C. To find the minimum value (Richards et al 1990).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismic Passive Earth Pressure Behind Non-vertical Retaining Wall Using Pseudo-dynamic Analysis

Ghosh

2007

Geotech Geol Eng

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This paper shows a detailed study on the seismic passive earth pressure behind a non-vertical cantilever retaining wall using pseudo-dynamic analysis. A planar failure surface has been considered behind the retaining wall. The effects of soil friction angle, wall inclination, wall friction angle, horizontal and vertical earthquake acceleration on the passive earth pressure have been explored. Unlike the Mononobe-Okabe method, which incorporates pseudo-static analysis, the present analysis predicts a nonlinear variation of passive earth pressure along the wall. The results have been thoroughly compared with the existing values in the literature.

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“…The computations have been performed by writing a computer program in C. To find the minimum value (Richards et al 1990).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismic Passive Earth Pressure Behind Non-vertical Retaining Wall Using Pseudo-dynamic Analysis

Ghosh

2007

Geotech Geol Eng

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“…In the case of cohesionless soils, to avoid the phenomenon of shear fluidization (i.e., the plastic flow of the material at a finite effective stress) for the certain combinations of k h and k v (Richards et al, 1990) the values of / considered in the analysis are to satisfy the relationship given by,…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pseudo-dynamic approach of seismic active earth pressure behind retaining wall

2006

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Abstract. Knowledge of seismic active earth pressure behind rigid retaining wall is very important in the design of retaining wall in earthquake prone region. Commonly used Mononobe-Okabe method considers pseudo-static approach, which gives the linear distribution of seismic earth pressure in an approximate way. In this paper, the pseudo-dynamic method is used to compute the distribution of seismic active earth pressure on a rigid retaining wall supporting cohesionless backfill in more realistic manner by considering time and phase difference within the backfill. Planar rupture surface is considered in the analysis. Effects of a wide range of parameters like wall friction angle, soil friction angle, shear wave velocity, primary wave velocity and horizontal and vertical seismic accelerations on seismic active earth pressure have been studied. Results are provided in tabular and graphical non-dimensional form with a comparison to pseudo-static method to highlight the realistic non-linearity of seismic active earth pressures distribution.

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“…During the shear fluidization of the granular infill, its angle of repose is significantly reduced. When the granular soil is constrained laterally, as is the case in two-wythe masonry walls with a granular core infill (Figure 1-2), the reduction in angle of repose causes an increase of the internal horizontal pressure against the wythes (Richards 1990). It is this increase in internal horizontal pressure that contributes to the deformation of the wall and, ultimately, exacerbate its crumbling.…”

Section: Frequenciesmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration OSHA warns that "granular soils are susceptible to shock and/or vibration failure (OSHA 2004)." Richards et al conducted extensive research on shear fluidization of soils, and found that when the fluidization occurs, "material behaves as a fictional fluid rather than yielding as a solid; it is as though the material had melted under stress" (Richards et al 1990). Fluidization is used to describe the shear flow of material, which will increase as acceleration increases, and should not be confused with the fundamentally different liquefaction phenomenon.…”

Section: Shear Fluidization Of Granular Soilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of High-Frequency/ Low-Energy Seismic Waves on Unreinforced Masonry

et al. 2007

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Traditionally, the high frequency components of earthquake loading are disregarded as a source of structural damage because of their small energy content and because their frequency is too high to resonate with the natural frequencies of structures. This thesis argues that higher frequency waves travelling through stiff masonry structures can trigger two types of failure mechanisms that have not yet been taken into account. First, the high frequencies can cause small vertical inter-stone vibrations that result in irreversible relative displacements of the stones, which may ultimately lead to collapse. The energy needed to cause this deformation and failure comes largely from gravitational forces. The second failure mechanism is associated with the increase of the outward thrust that results from the partial fluidization and densification of the loose granular inner core of some unreinforced masonry walls. Preliminary results of a series of static and dynamic tests, as well as of numerical models, demonstrate the potentially destructive effects of high frequency/low energy seismic waves on unreinforced masonry structures.

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Dynamic Fluidization of Soils

Cited by 126 publications

References 2 publications

Seismic Passive Earth Pressure Behind Non-vertical Retaining Wall Using Pseudo-dynamic Analysis

Seismic Passive Earth Pressure Behind Non-vertical Retaining Wall Using Pseudo-dynamic Analysis

Pseudo-dynamic approach of seismic active earth pressure behind retaining wall

The Impact of High-Frequency/ Low-Energy Seismic Waves on Unreinforced Masonry

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