“…It involves a thoughtful alignment of learning objectives, content, instructional methods, assessment strategies, and resources to foster meaningful learning among students [ 59 ]. Incorporating KGs into curriculum design and planning offers a data-driven, learner-centric approach that enhances the quality, relevance, and effectiveness of educational offerings [ 60 , 61 ]. For example, Yang et al [ 62 ] constructed a KG to assist water conservancy students in understanding the relationships between courses, knowledge units, and terminology.…”