“…(2) Many methods are available to improve the performance and efficiency of deep learning-based predictive models. These methods mainly include data preprocessing [20], deep learning model improvement [32,33,35], improvement of neural networks based on optimization algorithms [38,39], and other hybrid models [25,26,28]. We continue to experiment with various methods to improve model prediction accuracy and efficiency, such as feature selection, multi-objective optimization techniques, model improvement, etc.…”