Dynamic headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with one-dimensional gas chromatography–mass spectrometry as a powerful tool to differentiate banana cultivars based on their volatile metabolite profile

Abstract

a b s t r a c tIn this study the effect of the cultivar on the volatile profile of five different banana varieties was evaluated and determined by dynamic headspace solid-phase microextraction (dHS-SPME) combined with one-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (1D-GC-qMS). This approach allowed the definition of a volatile metabolite profile to each banana variety and can be used as pertinent criteria of differentiation. The investigated banana varieties (Dwarf Cavendish, Prata, Maçã, Ouro and Platano) have certified botanical origin and belong to the Musaceae family, the most common genomic group cultivated in Madeira Island (Portugal). The influence of dHS-SPME experimental factors, namely, fibre coating, extraction time and extraction temperature, on the equilibrium headspace analysis was investigated and optimised using univariate optimisation design. A total of 68 volatile organic metabolites (VOMs) were tentatively identified and used to profile the volatile composition in different banana cultivars, thus emphasising the sensitivity and applicability of SPME for establishment of the volatile metabolomic pattern of plant secondary metabolites. Ethyl esters were found to comprise the largest chemical class accounting 80.9%, 86.5%, 51.2%, 90.1% and 6.1% of total peak area for Dwarf Cavendish, Prata, Ouro, Maçã and Platano volatile fraction, respectively. Gas chromatographic peak areas were submitted to multivariate statistical analysis (principal component and stepwise linear discriminant analysis) in order to visualise clusters within samples and to detect the volatile metabolites able to differentiate banana cultivars. The application of the multivariate analysis on the VOMs data set resulted in predictive abilities of 90% as evaluated by the cross-validation procedure.

Banana Bioactives: Absorption, Utilisation and Health Benefits

“…Aroma in banana fruit is characterised by the presence of various volatile compounds varying in concentration among cultivars [70,71]. Pino [72] reported the presence of 250 volatiles in fresh and processed banana products, though few of these volatiles have been isolated as flavour contributors.…”

Solid-phase microextraction technology for in vitro and in vivo metabolite analysis

“…In another study, five different banana cultivars were distinguished by HS-SPME combined with one-dimensional GC/MS [40]. …”

Device and Method of Sample Preparation for Gas Chromatographic determination of Volatile Organic Compounds in Complex Matrices

“…The efficiency of microextraction has been demonstrated on numerous examples in the «Headspace» (HS) sample preparation methods for the separation of volatile and semi-volatile components in a vapor state under dynamic or static conditions from complex matrices such as biological samples, pharmaceuticals, food products, soils [4][5][6][7][8]. The following combinations of processes and devices were used: static (SPME) [9] and dynamic (SPDE) [10] solid phase microextraction, in-tube solidphase microextraction (ITSPME) [11], single dropmicroextraction (SDME) [12] hollow fiber-based liquid phase microextraction (HF-LPME) [13], sorbent-packedneedle-trap device (SP-NTD) [14].…”

“…Despite the advantages of the methods described [9][10][11][12][13][14], they are also not devoid of a number of limitations and disadvantages (Table 1).…”