Dynamic light scattering (DLS)-based immunoassay for ultra-sensitive detection of tumor marker protein

Abstract

A novel dynamic light scattering (DLS)-based immunoassay that utilizes manganese dioxide nanosheet-modified gold nanoparticles (MnO2-GNPs) as an activatable nanoprobe has been developed to detect tumor markers down to femtomolar levels.

Molecular Aggregation in Immune System Activation Studied by Dynamic Light Scattering

“…It is shown that dynamic scattering allows correct detection of the size of proteins in the process of sample preparation. In [26], the method of dynamic light scattering is applied for the detection of cancer markers using specially prepared probes based on gold nanoparticles. Similar studies are carried out in [27] using nanoparticles of different metals.…”

Single Microbead‐Anchored Fluorescent Immunoassay (SMFIA): A Facile and Versatile Platform Allowing Simultaneous Detection of Multiple Antigens

“…Moreover, the activities of enzymes in ELISAs, such as the commonly used alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP), are prone to be affected by the environmental factors and reaction media, which may lead to poor assay reproducibility. More importantly, because of its compromising sensitivity, traditional ELISA usually cannot detect antigens within the limits of critical threshold concentrations till the patient has already suffered a serious situation . To tackle this issue, some new signal amplification approaches based on nanomaterial labels or DNA amplification techniques have been introduced to complement the traditional ELISAs in order to enhance the detection sensitivity with higher stability .…”

“…[1][2][3][4][5] However, in at ypicalE LISA,a tl east one round of additional enzyme-catalyzed signalt ransducing step is essential after the immunoreaction, which makes the operation rather complicated.M oreover,the activities of enzymes in ELISAs, such as the commonly used alkaline phosphatase( ALP) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP),a re prone to be affected by the environmental factors and reactionm edia, which may lead to poor assay reproducibility.M ore importantly,b ecause of its compromising sensitivity,t raditional ELISA usually cannotd etect antigens within the limits of criticalt hreshold concentrations till the patient has already suffered as erious situation. [8] To tackle this issue, some new signala mplification approaches based on nanomaterial labels or DNA amplification techniques have been introduced to complementt he traditional ELISAs in order to enhancet he detection sensitivity with higher stability. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] Although quite sensitivef or antigen detection, these adapted ELISAss uffer heavily from the drawbacks such as cumbersome multi-step operations, delicate antibody modification/bioconjugation, and expensive reagents.…”

An ultrasensitive flow cytometric immunoassay based on bead surface-initiated template-free DNA extension

“…For example, PSA (prostate specific antigen) is a widely investigated serum biomarker for screening prostate cancer and evaluating the recovery of patients after surgery treatment. 5 , 6 Typically, the PSA level is lower than 4 ng mL –1 in the serum of healthy males, while it will be remarkably increased in males with prostate cancer. 7 Notably, the PSA levels in the serum of patients whose prostates were surgically removed are extremely low (approximately 1–5 pg mL –1 ).…”

“… 9 – 13 However, the traditional ELISAs only show compromised sensitivity, typically with the detection limits of antigen/protein biomarkers at the ng mL –1 level. 6 , 15 Although the sensitivities of some modified ELISAs have been obviously improved based on the use of nanoparticle probes, nano-enzyme mimics and enzyme-functionalized nanostructures, 16 – 21 these modified ELISAs often suffer from disadvantages such as the need for special synthetic skills and complicated procedures as well as delicate surface modification and bioconjugation.…”