Dynamic Models of the Human Body

Stech, Ernest L.; Payne, Peter R.

doi:10.21236/ad0701383

Cited by 53 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…According to MIL-S-58095, the total thickness of the compressed cushion at the buttocks reference point should be minimized to 1/2-3/4 in (13-19 mm) at 1 G load [11,12]. Payne [13] and Stech and Payne [14] demonstrated the increase in potential injury associated with the amplification effect of seat cushions on the dynamic response index (DRI), using a general model employing the single mass-spring-damper system to simulate the biomechanical response of the human body. Therefore, thoughtful integration of several mechanical components is required to produce an effective crashworthy energy-absorbing seat design.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lumbar load attenuation for rotorcraft occupants using a design methodology for the seat impact energy-absorbing system

Moradi¹,

Beheshti

Lankarani

2012

Open Engineering

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Aircraft occupant crash-safety considerations require a minimum cushion thickness to limit the relative vertical motion of the seat-pelvis during high vertical impact loadings in crash landings or accidents. In military aircraft and helicopter seat design, due to the potential for high vertical accelerations in crash scenarios, the seat system must be provided with an energy absorber to attenuate the acceleration level sustained by the occupants. Because of the limited stroke available for the seat structure, the design of the energy absorber becomes a trade-off problem between minimizing the stroke and maximizing the energy absorption. The available stroke must be used to prevent bottoming out of the seat as well as to absorb maximum impact energy to protect the occupant. In this study, the energy-absorbing system in a rotorcraft seat design is investigated using a mathematical model of the occupant/seat system. Impact theories between interconnected bodies in multibody mechanical systems are utilized to study the impact between the seat pan and the occupant. Experimental responses of the seat system and the occupant are utilized to validate the results from this study for civil and military helicopters according to FAR 23 and 25 and MIL-S-58095 requirements. A model for the load limiter is proposed to minimize the lumbar load for the occupant by minimizing the relative velocity between the seat pan and the occupant's pelvis. The modified energy absorber/load limiter is then implemented for the seat structure so that it absorbs the energy of impact in an effective manner and below the tolerable limit for the occupant in a minimum stroke. Results show that for a designed stroke, the level of occupant lumbar spine injury would be significantly attenuated using this modified energy-absorber system.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lumbar load attenuation for rotorcraft occupants using a design methodology for the seat impact energy-absorbing system

Moradi¹,

Beheshti

Lankarani

2012

Open Engineering

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“…The dynamic acceleration responses obtained from these instruments were used to perform an injury risk assessment. Several methods are typically used to evaluate human injury potential, including the Dynamic Response Index (DRI) [5][6][7], the Brinkley Index [8,9], Lumbar Load limits [7], Head Injury Criteria [10,11], and Eiband whole body acceleration tolerance limits [12,13]. In this study, occupant injury was evaluated based on the DRI and the Brinkley Index.…”

Section: Injury Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Dynamic Response Index (DRI) [5][6][7] is derived from a simple one-dimensional lumpedmass spring damper system, as depicted in Figure 24. This model was developed by the Air Force's Wright Laboratory to estimate the probability of compression fractures in the lower spine due to acceleration in a pelvis-to-head direction, as might be experienced by aircrew during seat ejections.…”

Section: A Dynamic Response Index (Dri)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical Drop Testing and Analysis of the WASP Helicopter Skid Gear

Fuchs

Jackson

2011

j am helicopter soc

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“…The most effective human model for ejection seat design is the Dynamic Response Index (DRI) described by Stech and Payne in 1966. This work was performed for what is now called the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) and was based on pioneering work in human biodynamics by von Gierke (1967) and his colleagues.…”

Section: Mathematical Lumped Parameter Injury Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orion Crew Member Injury Predictions during Land and Water Landings

et al. 2009

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A review of astronaut whole body impact tolerance is discussed for land or water landings of the next generation manned space capsule named Orion. LS-DYNA simulations of Orion capsule landings are performed to produce a low, moderate, and high probability of injury. The paper evaluates finite element (FE) seat and occupant simulations for assessing injury risk for the Orion crew and compares these simulations to whole body injury models commonly referred to as the Brinkley criteria. The FE seat and crash dummy models allow for varying the occupant restraint systems, cushion materials, side constraints, flailing of limbs, and detailed seat/occupant interactions to minimize landing injuries to the crew. The FE crash test dummies used in conjunction with the Brinkley criteria provides a useful set of tools for predicting potential crew injuries during vehicle landings.

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Dynamic Models of the Human Body

Cited by 53 publications

References 1 publication

Lumbar load attenuation for rotorcraft occupants using a design methodology for the seat impact energy-absorbing system

Lumbar load attenuation for rotorcraft occupants using a design methodology for the seat impact energy-absorbing system

Vertical Drop Testing and Analysis of the WASP Helicopter Skid Gear

Orion Crew Member Injury Predictions during Land and Water Landings

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