Dynamic monitoring of iodine sufficiency in Belarus: results and problems

Mokhort, Tatiana; Коломиец, Н. Д.; Petrenko, S.V.; Федоренко, Е В; Mokhort, Alena

doi:10.14341/probl8686

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In countries neighboring Russia (Norway, Denmark, Mongolia, China, Belarus, Ukraine) iodized salt is a source of I [ 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 ]. In Norway and Denmark, products such as milk, dairy products, fish and fish products make up almost 80% of the dietary I intake [ 43 , 44 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iodine Status of Women and Infants in Russia: A Systematic Review

Korobitsyna

Aksenov

Sorokina

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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This systematic review presents a critical synthesis of the available information on the iodine status among women and infants in Russia. Literature search was performed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines using PubMed, Scopus Web of Science databases as well as eLIBRARY—the Russian national source. Altogether, 277 papers were identified and 19 of them were eligible for the review. The data on median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) in women and infants from 25 Russian regions were presented. A substantial variability in UIC across the country with no clear geographical pattern was observed. Despite substantial heterogeneity in research methodology and data presentation the results suggest that the iodine status among pregnant women and infants in Russia is below the recommended levels. Our findings demonstrate that iodine deficiency is a re-emerging public health problem in Russia. Urgent public health measures on national, regional and individual levels are warranted.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iodine Status of Women and Infants in Russia: A Systematic Review

Korobitsyna

Aksenov

Sorokina

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…Мохорт и соавт. [10,11], опубликованных в том же Вебсайт [12] оказался очень дружелюбным (с английским интерфейсом) и удобным для сбора нужной информации. В нем представлена информация о первичной заболеваемости по всем нозологиям, включая патологию щитовидной железы, с 1998 по 2018 гг.…”

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“…с разбивкой по полу, возрастным группам и основным регионам страны. Это дало возможность сравнить заболеваемость диффузным нетоксическим зобом в Беларуси и Швеции, тем более что численность населения (около 10 млн) в обеих странах примерно одинакова и обе не имеют проблем с йодной обеспеченностью [10,13].…”

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“…Динамика заболеваемости диффузным зобом (E01.0 и Е04.0) у детей и подростков в Республике Беларусь за период с 1998 по 2017 гг. [10] . 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 596,8 380,7 281,3 223,5 202,2 188,8 195,3 154,31 1998 2001 2004 2009 2012 2014 2016 Однако в отношении заболеваемости «другими формами нетоксического зоба -Е04» ситуация оказалась для меня совершенно неожиданной.…”

unclassified

“…Из опыта России, Беларуси и Швеции мы видим, что главным при оценке данных о заболеваемости простым зобом и другими болезнями щитовидной железы, связанными с йодной недостаточностью, должны быть не абсолютные числа, а тенденция этих показателей за прошедшие годы. Мы видим, как за последние 20 лет резко снизилась заболеваемость зобом в Беларуси у детей и взрослых на фоне эффективной программы йодирования соли, и это подтверждается положительной динамикой других индикаторов: мКЙМ и частоты случаев превышения уровня неонатального тиреотропного гормона свыше 5 мИЕ/л [10,11]. В России такого положительного тренда за последние 10 лет не наблюдалось.…”

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Not that simple goiter

Герасимов

2021

Clin Exp Thyroid

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The year 2020 marks the centenary of the publication of a classic study by American physicians D. Marine and O. Kimball on the effectiveness of endemic goiter prevention in children in Akron, Ohio. Although goiter has been known from immemorial times, there is still a problem with determining the normal size of the thyroid gland, without which the diagnosis of goiter remains extremely subjective. For example, in Sweden over the past 20 years, not a single case of endemic goiter has been registered, which is not surprising: the country eliminated this pathology decades ago, and the median urinary iodine concentration indicates the optimal iodine intake. Cases of sporadic goiter in children in Sweden are also rare — no more than 6–8 per year. But in Belarus, with the same population (about 10 million), about 2900 cases of goiter in children, both endemic and sporadic, are recorded annually despite the fact that, due to the extensive use of iodized salt since the beginning of the 2000s, there is no iodine deficiency. The incidence of goiter in children, however, having decreased many times over the past 20 years, remains 3 times higher than in Russia, where iodine prophylaxis, if carried out on a limited scale. From the experience of Belarus, Sweden and Russia, we see that the main thing when assessing data on the incidence of goiter and other thyroid diseases associated with iodine deficiency should be not absolute numbers, but the trend of these indicators over the past years. This information should be more actively used by endocrinologists in Russia to assess the effectiveness of preventive measures both at the regional and federal levels.

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Indicators of cognitive activity of children with laboratory hypothyroidism

Sokolnyk

Kolesnik

Nechytaylo

et al. 2021

J Educ Health Sport

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The growth rate of a healthy child, the peculiarities of its physical and intellectual development, the formation of reproductive function are largely determined by the state of the endocrine system. Thyroid hormones have a significant impact on the growth and development of the child's organism. Today, attention is focused on the consequences of intellectual disabilities in children with hypothyroidism, as well as the impact of chronic iodine deficiency in the environment on the development of children. Insufficient intake of iodine in the body leads to congenital dysontogenesis of higher mental functions, to the formation, in severe cases, of mental retardation of varying degrees, and, in mild forms - to the borderline or partial disorders of intelligence. The aim is to study the cognitive functions of children with laboratory hypothyroidism. Methods. For a screening study of the intellectual development of school-age children living in geographical areas of Chernivtsi region (Ukraine) with varying degrees of iodine supply, 399 schoolchildren aged 11-18 years were studied, including 194 boys and 205 girls. The main group consisted of children (99) with laboratory hypothyroidism (HL), with thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) elevation or with diverse complaints and who had been found to have elevated TSH levels during routine examinations. Patients with any kind of systemic disease and/or taking medications were excluded from the study. Diagnosis of HL was based on mild increase of TSH (5-25mIU/L) with a normal fT4 level. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) test was also performed in all children. TSH response to TRH stimulation was considered to be normal when TSH levels were between 5-25 mIU/L. The formation of intellectual function was determined using a fragment of the R. Kettel test (adapted modified version of the children's personality questionnaire R. Kettel). Іnclusion сriteria: age 11-18 years, living in the Chernivtsi region, the absence of organic pathology of the CNS and mental retardation, diseases of the eyesight and hearing, for 6 months, all subjects did not receive any treatment with iodine-containing drugs and thyroid hormones. Results. Analysis of the study results showed that children, for the most part, have an average degree of intellectual development (60%). The level of intellectual formation changed in the direction of decreasing with increasing degree of iodine deficiency. Among children with laboratory hypothyroidism, the number of those who had a low level of intelligence was almost twice as high as in children from the comparison group 25 [21.8-27.3] % against 13 [11.8-16.6] %, P < 0.01). Children with laboratory hypothyroidism have a "debt" of 56% of attention, 36% of perception, 26% of motility, and 44% of memory. The pace of operating activities was reduced by 26%. Comparison of TSH concentration, ioduria and thyroid volume with the presence or absence of deficits in certain cognitive functions showed that in children with laboratory hypothyroidism and fine motor skills TSH G level was increased by 90%, thyroid volume by 28% , and with memory loss - 125% and 38%, respectively. Correlative analysis revealed a highly probable positive relationship between moderate strength in prepubertal children between thyroid volume and fine motor skills (r = 0.485, P < 0.01), memory (r = 0.488, P < 0.05) and efficiency (r = 0,321, P < 0,05). Conclusion. Children with subclinical hypothyroidism are characterized by decreased memory, instability of attention and decreased ability to concentrate, impaired fine motor skills, which generally reduces their mental capacity.

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Dynamic monitoring of iodine sufficiency in Belarus: results and problems

Cited by 7 publications

References 10 publications

Iodine Status of Women and Infants in Russia: A Systematic Review

Iodine Status of Women and Infants in Russia: A Systematic Review

Not that simple goiter

Indicators of cognitive activity of children with laboratory hypothyroidism

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