“…Although only altering arrival management tools cannot offer all of the benefits as previously identified, it can be seen as a step in the right direction in the absence of the technology required for 4DT. The remainder of this paper will focus on research done concerning an arrival management model where noise and efficiency are considered simultaneously (Hebly, 2007). Please note that it is not designed or build to function as an operational arrival manager, but purely to study the effects of adding noise objectives to the otherwise delay driven support tools for sequencing and scheduling, and to identify the interaction between the noise and efficiency objectives.…”