Dynamic nonlinear vago-sympathetic interaction in regulating heart rate

Sunagawa, Kenji; Kawada, Toru; Nakahara, Tsutomu

doi:10.1007/bf01745040

Cited by 107 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Physically, it may represent nonlinear interactions between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, which have been well documented in many experimental studies (15,24,25). For example, Miyamoto et al have shown that decreased SNS activity blunts the heart rate response to PNS activation (19).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experimental support for the presence of interactions between the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) has come from studies using direct stimulation of the vagal and sympathetic nerves (16,24). To date, however, computational methods used to detect the presence of interactions between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems from data taken using noninvasive measurements have had limited success.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Autonomic nervous nonlinear interactions lead to frequency modulation between low- and high-frequency bands of the heart rate variability spectrum

Zhong¹,

Yan²,

Yang³

et al. 2007

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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Chon KH. Autonomic nervous nonlinear interactions lead to frequency modulation between low-and high-frequency bands of the heart rate variability spectrum. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 293: R1961-R1968, 2007. First published August 29, 2007 doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00362.2007.-Cardiac sympathetic and parasympathetic neural activities have been found to interact with each other to efficiently regulate the heart rate and maintain homeostasis. Quantitative and noninvasive methods used to detect the presence of interactions have been lacking, however. This may be because interactions among autonomic nervous systems are nonlinear and nonstationary. The goal of this work was to identify nonlinear interactions between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems in the form of frequency and amplitude modulations in human heart rate data. To this end, wavelet analysis was performed, followed by frequency analysis of the resultant wavelet decomposed signals in several frequency brackets defined as very low frequency (f Ͻ 0.04 Hz), low frequency (LF; 0.04 -0.15 Hz), and high frequency (HF; 0.15-0.4 Hz). Our analysis suggests that the HF band is significantly modulated by the LF band in the heart rate data obtained in both supine and upright body positions. The strength of modulations is stronger in the upright than supine position, which is consistent with elevated sympathetic nervous activities in the upright position. Furthermore, significantly stronger frequency modulation than in the control condition was also observed with the cold pressor test. The results with the cold pressor test, as well as the body position experiments, further demonstrate that the frequency modulation between LF and HF is most likely due to sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous interactions during sympathetic activations. The modulation phenomenon suggests that the parasympathetic nervous system is frequency modulated by the sympathetic nervous system. In this study, there was no evidence of amplitude modulation among these frequencies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Autonomic nervous nonlinear interactions lead to frequency modulation between low- and high-frequency bands of the heart rate variability spectrum

Zhong¹,

Yan²,

Yang³

et al. 2007

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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“…Indeed, the blunted HR in obese individuals is more apparent during a higher intensity of voluntary exercise (Pinet et al 2008), when the augmented sympathetic activation, attributable to central command and the metaboreflex, depresses the parasympathetic effect on HR. However, as regulation of the HR by the neural networks exhibits dynamic, non-linear characteristics, a simultaneous vagal activation can also exert an inhibition of the tachycardic effect of sympathetic stimulation (Sunagawa et al 1998). Therefore, as sympathetic activity was not directly examined in this study, because there are currently no HRV indices reflecting a 'pure' sympathetic nerve traffic (Billman, 2013b), these assumptions must be drawn cautiously, and further studies are needed.…”

Section: Neural Control Of Blood Pressure and Heart Rate During Vibramentioning

confidence: 99%

Exaggerated haemodynamic and neural responses to involuntary contractions induced by whole‐body vibration in normotensive obese versus lean women

Δίπλα

Kousoula

Zafeiridis

et al. 2016

Experimental Physiology

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New Findings r What is the central question of this study?In obesity, the exaggerated blood pressure response to voluntary exercise is linked to hypertension, yet the mechanisms are not fully elucidated. We examined whether involuntary contractions elicit greater haemodynamic responses and altered neural control of blood pressure in normotensive obese versus lean women. r What is the main finding and its importance? During involuntary contractions induced by whole-body vibration, there were augmented blood pressure and spontaneous baroreflex responses in obese compared with lean women. This finding is suggestive of an overactive mechanoreflex in the exercise-induced hypertensive response in obesity. Passive contractions did not elicit differential heart rate responses in obese compared with lean women, implying other mechanisms for the blunted heart rate response reported during voluntary exercise in obesity.In obesity, the exaggerated blood pressure (BP) response to exercise is linked to hypertension, yet the mechanisms are not fully elucidated. In this study, we examined whether involuntary mechanical oscillations, induced by whole-body vibration (WBV), elicit greater haemodynamic responses and altered neural control of BP in obese versus lean women. Twenty-two normotensive, premenopausal women (12 lean and 10 obese) randomly underwent a passive WBV (25 Hz) and a control protocol (similar posture without WVB). Beat-by-beat BP, heart rate, stroke volume, systemic vascular resistance, cardiac output, parasympathetic output (evaluated by heart rate variability) and spontaneous baroreceptor sensitivity (sBRS) were assessed. We found that during WBV, obese women exhibited an augmented systolic BP response compared with lean women that was correlated with body fat percentage (r = 0.77; P < 0.05). The exaggerated BP rise was driven mainly by the greater increase in cardiac output index in obese versus lean women, associated with a greater stroke volume index in obese women. Involuntary contractions did not elicit a differential magnitude of responses in heart rate, heart rate variability indices and systemic vascular resistance in obese versus lean women; however, they did result in greater sBRS responses (P < 0.05) in obese women. In conclusion, involuntary contractions elicited an augmented BP and sBRS response in normotensive obese versus lean women. The

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“…More specifically, during the last decades, application of entropy measures to heart rate variability (HRV) series has been proven very effective in characterizing healthy and pathological states involving cardiovascular control [4], [9], [13]- [25]. Heartbeat dynamics and its spontaneous fluctuations result from complex interactions between the sympathetic and parasympathetic (vagal) limbs of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) [26], as well as from multiple self-regulating, adaptive biochemical processes [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A significant contribution to heartbeat complex oscillations is given by a dynamical, mutual interplay with numerous other physiological subsystems (e.g., endocrine, neural, and respiratory) [13]- [15]. Main phenomena refer to Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), i.e., the modulation of HR due to respiratory drive to cardiac vagal motor neurons, and the baroreflex, i.e., changes of heart rate due to blood pressure and related cardiovascular mechanics [3], [27], [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Instantaneous Transfer Entropy for the Study of Cardiovascular and Cardio-Respiratory Nonstationary Dynamics

Valenza

Faes²,

Citi³

et al. 2017

IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng.

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Abstract-Objective: Measures of Transfer Entropy (TE) quantify the direction and strength of coupling between two complex systems. Standard approaches assume stationarity of the observations, and therefore are unable to track time-varying changes in nonlinear information transfer with high temporal resolution. In this study, we aim to define and validate novel instantaneous measures of transfer entropy to provide an improved assessment of complex non-stationary cardio-respiratory interactions. Methods: We here propose a novel Instantaneous point-process Transfer Entropy (ipT E) and validate its assessment as applied to cardiovascular and cardio-respiratory dynamics. In particular, heartbeat and respiratory dynamics are characterized through discrete time series, and modeled with probability density functions predicting the time of the next physiological event as a function of the past history. Likewise, non-stationary interactions between heartbeat and blood pressure dynamics are characterized as well. Furthermore, we propose a new measure of information transfer, the instantaneous point-process Information Transfer (ipInf T r), which is directly derived from point-processbased definitions of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov distance. Results and Conclusion: Analysis on synthetic data, as well as on experimental data gathered from healthy subjects undergoing postural changes confirms that ipT E, as well as ipInf T r measures are able to dynamically track changes in physiological systems coupling. Significance: This novel approach opens new avenues in the study of hidden, transient, non-stationary physiological states involving multivariate autonomic dynamics in cardiovascular health and disease. The proposed method can also be tailored for the study of complex multi-system physiology (e.g., brain-heart or, more in general, brain-body interactions).

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Dynamic nonlinear vago-sympathetic interaction in regulating heart rate

Cited by 107 publications

References 51 publications

Autonomic nervous nonlinear interactions lead to frequency modulation between low- and high-frequency bands of the heart rate variability spectrum

Autonomic nervous nonlinear interactions lead to frequency modulation between low- and high-frequency bands of the heart rate variability spectrum

Exaggerated haemodynamic and neural responses to involuntary contractions induced by whole‐body vibration in normotensive obese versus lean women

Instantaneous Transfer Entropy for the Study of Cardiovascular and Cardio-Respiratory Nonstationary Dynamics

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