Dynamic Performance Enhancement of a Triple Active Bridge With Power Decoupling-Based Configurable Model Predictive Control

A Survey on Multi-Active Bridge DC-DC Converters: Power Flow Decoupling Techniques, Applications, and Challenges

“…The research presented in [22], demonstrated that the local sub-module (H-bridge) optimal points for power flow decoupling are the same as the global optimum solutions. Hence, local controllers for each sub-module can decouple the power control of each port.…”

“…Hence, local controllers for each sub-module can decouple the power control of each port. An MPC-based strategy is proposed for the TAB converter in [22], where the first part of the controller aims to find the optimum future state of the DC current in the next two steps (two-horizon) using a binary search and feedback from the DC voltages, then the second part of the controller uses optimal predicted values for the DC current and decouples the power flow through an open loop algorithm based on Newton's iteration method. Theoretical analysis and experimental tests demonstrated excellent transient response compared to the conventional linear control approach, possibly at the expense of slightly higher steady-state error.…”

“…The features and capability of the MAB converter have made it a suitable candidate for a wide range of applications and it has gained the interest of many researchers. MAB converters with different numbers of ports and their combination with other converters have been proposed for the following applications: hybrid energy storage (HESS) [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]; more electric aircraft (MEA) [19][20][21][22][23][24][25]; monopolar and bipolar DC grids [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34]; Solid state transformer (SST) and modular transformer in microgrids, locomotive traction, EV charging, shipboards ; doubly fed induction generators (DFIG) in wind turbines [58]; unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) [59][60][61][62]; electric vehicle (EV) charging [63][64][65][66][67]; renewable energy systems (RES) such as PV modules integration with energy storage systems (ESS), microgrids or EV charging stations [68][69]…”

“…Because of the highly nonlinear behaviour of the MAB converter, some researchers have implemented different nonlinear robust control approaches. The works presented in [22,43,78] use model predictive control (MPC) to predict the current in future steps. Although these methods have excellent performance in terms of decoupling and can contain other constraints to have closer to optimal operation, they can incur a higher relative computational cost in a real-time implementation (especially if more degrees of freedom or control inputs are considered).…”

“…In addition, the experimental tests and simulation results presented demonstrated slightly higher steady-state error in the control outputs compared to other approaches. The considerable merit of the proposed MPC-based approach in [22] is in having a decentralized control capability, which means the local information extracted from each submodule (port) can be used in the control process, and a local controller can regulate the output related to each submodule. Hence, unlike linear control-based approaches, the complexity of control design is independent of the number of ports.…”