Dynamic post-activation potentiation protocol improves rowing performance in experienced female rowers

Harat, Idan; Clark, Nicolas W.; Boffey, David; Herring, Chad H.; Goldstein, Erica R.; Redd, Michael J.; Wells, Adam J.; Stout, Jeffrey R.; Fukuda, David H.

doi:10.1080/02640414.2020.1754110

Cited by 20 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Therefore, it seems that resisted sprint with a load of approximately 10% of body mass is a suitable conditioning activity for inducing PAPE during the 20-m sprints in well-trained females. Despite the fact that previous studies have indicated that the PAPE effect is not affected by gender (Wilson et al, 2013;Ah Sue et al, 2016;Simpson et al, 2018;Harat et al, 2020), it cannot be excluded that slightly different parameters should be used when women are trained. Bearing in mind the current findings by van den Tillaar (2020) that women should sprint with approximately 10% less loads than men during resisted sprints to have equal step and joint kinematics development, it can be speculated that also a lower load to induce PAPE might be recommended for women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Although some facts might predispose males to experience a greater PAPE effect than females, such as greater number of type II fibers or greater muscle strength (Hicks et al, 2001;Trappe et al, 2003;Seitz et al, 2014a), it was not proven in the literature. A meta-analysis conducted by Wilson et al (2013) showed that the PAPE effect occurs independently of gender, which was also confirmed by subsequent studies (Ah Sue et al, 2016;Simpson et al, 2018;Harat et al, 2020). Nevertheless, there are definitely fewer studies on PAPE among women, so it is still warranted to assess within females as well as a comparison between genders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

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The Effects of Resisted Post-Activation Sprint Performance Enhancement in Elite Female Sprinters

et al. 2021

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Considering the effectiveness of resisted sprint training, and the acute enhancement of sprinting performance through locomotor post-activation performance enhancement, the main objective of the research was to determine the acute effects of resisted activation with loads of 5, 10, and 15% body mass on sprint and flying start sprint performance in elite female sprinters using resisted drag technology system. Ten elite female sprinters (age: 23.2 ± 5.4 years, body mass: 54.2 ± 6.1 kg, height: 167.4 ± 7.3 cm, personal best for 100 m: 12.05 ± 0.56 s, and for 400 m: 53.17 ± 2.76 s) performed two unresisted 20-m sprints (from a crouched and flying start) before and after a single resisted sprint loaded with 5, 10, or 15% body mass to verify the effectiveness of the activation stimulus. Compared with pre-activation, Friedman tests showed that peak velocity increased by 1.6 ± 2.2% [effect size (ES) = 0.66], 2.3 ± 1.5% (ES = 1.33), and 0.2 ± 1% (ES = 0.09), as well as peak force by 2.8 ± 2.1% (ES = 0.49), 3.5 ± 2.3% (ES = 1), and 0.5 ± 2.4% (ES = 0.14), concomitant with a significant decreased in sprint time by −0.5 ± 1.2% (ES = −0.07), −2.5 ± 1.3% (ES = −0.64), and −1 ± 1.4% (ES = −0.36) for the 5, 10, and 15% body mass post-activation, respectively (p < 0.001; for all). Furthermore, the ANOVA showed that peak power increased by 2.9 ± 2.3% (ES = 0.61), 3.8 ± 2.2% (ES = 1.05), and 2 ± 7.1% (ES = 0.22) for the 5, 10, and 15% body mass resisted-conditioning activity, respectively, with no difference between the three conditions (p = 0.003 main effect time, no interaction). Moreover, compared with the 5 and 15% body mass trials [−1.5 ± 2% (ES = −0.44), −0.8 ± 0.8% (ES = −0.44), respectively], the ANOVA showed that flying start sprint time significantly decreased by −4.3 ± 1.1% (ES = −1.25) (p < 0.001, interaction effect) after a 10% body mass resisted-conditioning activity. The results of this study indicated that resisted sprints acutely enhance sprint performance; however, their effectiveness depends on the applied load. A single resisted sprint using 10% body mass is effective at inducing a potentiating effect on subsequent 20-m flying start sprint performance in elite female sprinters. Therefore, keeping in mind the optimal load, it is recommended to perform resisted sprints as a conditioning activation when seeking to acutely enhance 20-m flying start sprint performance in these athletes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

The Effects of Resisted Post-Activation Sprint Performance Enhancement in Elite Female Sprinters

et al. 2021

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“…In this regard, it is well-known that the acute responses provided by isometric muscle contractions generate a lower metabolic cost and reduced fatigue compared with isotonic concentric muscle contractions [ 12 ]. For such reason, isometric exercise has been proposed as a valid option to promote subsequent performance enhancements on explosive movements such as sprinting [ 19 ] or rowing [ 17 , 29 ] in well-trained athletes. However, the relationship between the application of isometric contractions and the effect on acute jumping performance is not well documented.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, there are controversial results on the PAPE effects of isometric muscle contractions. Although some investigations have shown greater PAPE effects with the use of dynamic actions that involved the stretch-shortening cycle compared with isometric muscular contractions [ 17 ], evidence is not conclusive and some studies have also reported higher potentiation effects in favor of isometric exercise [ 10 , 12 , 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) after isometric and isotonic exercise on vertical jump performance

et al. 2021

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Purpose This study aimed to compare the post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) induced by isometric and isotonic exercise on vertical jump performance. Methods 18 healthy trained men (25.8±2.7 years; 78.4±8.2 kg; 175.7±6.1 cm; 25.4±1.8 BMI; 126.72±10.8 kg squat 1-RM) volunteered for this study. They randomly performed two different PAPE protocols: Isotonic squats (ISOTS), which consisted of 2 sets of 3 repetitions at 75% of one-maximum repetition (1-RM); and isometric squats (ISOMS), which consisted of 2 sets of 4 seconds of submaximal (75% of 1-RM) isometric contraction at 90°-knee flexion. Countermovement jump (CMJ) height was tested at baseline and 4 minutes after each conditioning set. Results CMJ height significantly increased after set 1 in both PAPE protocols (ISOMS: p <0.001; ES = 0.34; ISOTS: p <0.001; ES = 0.24), with respect to the baseline jump. However, after set 2 no significant changes in CMJ height were observed for any protocol (ISOMS: p = 0.162; ES = 0.11; ISOTS: p = 0.976; ES = 0.06). No significant differences (p>0.05) were found between both isometric and isotonic exercise conditions. Conclusions Despite both protocols showed similar PAPE effects on CMJ height after set 1, none of the protocols demonstrated greater efficacy in increasing subsequent performance in healthy trained men.

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“…Endurance athletes can also benefit from inclusion of PAPE strategies in the warm-up. But, to date, there is still limited evidence with these athletes [26,32,47]. of note, considering the transient duration of PAPE (up to 10 minutes after CAs), it is still to be solved if the pacing improvements during the first splits of an endurance test may affect the total time, which may be related to the duration of the endurance exercise [48][49][50].…”

Section: Warm-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-activation performance enhancement strategies in sport: a brief review for practitioners

Boullosa¹

2021

Hum Mov.

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In this review, we will present and critically discuss how different conditioning exercises can be implemented in training, testing, and competition for the enhancement of performances in different sports, via post-activation performance enhancement and other delayed potentiation responses. The potentiation approaches described here include warming up, testing and monitoring, re-warm-up and priming strategies, and complex training. The post-activation performance enhancement responses can be best described following the new taxonomy, which allows the identification of the best strategies in every specific sport setting. This requires identifying the post-activation performance enhancement factors, which are the condi tioning activity, the verification test, the population of athletes; and potential moderators (i.e. exercise type and loading, timing; recovery interval, target exercise, performance parameter; training background, age, and sex). The inherent limitations to these approaches, including the gaps in literature requiring further studies, may be overcome in practice by using individualized approaches.

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Dynamic post-activation potentiation protocol improves rowing performance in experienced female rowers

Cited by 20 publications

References 42 publications

The Effects of Resisted Post-Activation Sprint Performance Enhancement in Elite Female Sprinters

The Effects of Resisted Post-Activation Sprint Performance Enhancement in Elite Female Sprinters

Comparison of post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) after isometric and isotonic exercise on vertical jump performance

Post-activation performance enhancement strategies in sport: a brief review for practitioners

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