Dynamic properties of horizontal and vertical eye movements in parkinsonian syndromes

Rottach, Klaus G.; Riley, David E.; DiScenna, Alfred O.; Zivotofsky, Ari Z.; Leigh, R. John

doi:10.1002/ana.410390314

Cited by 167 publications

(136 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…At onset, 33% showed such abnormalities (table 3). Studies of patients with CBS describe increased saccadic latency, [42][43][44][45] but this was not confirmed in a publication including oculographic measurements in 4 subjects with CBD, where 3 had visually guided saccades that were indistinguishable from normal controls.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Criteria for the diagnosis of corticobasal degeneration

et al. 2013

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Current criteria for the clinical diagnosis of pathologically confirmed corticobasal degeneration (CBD) no longer reflect the expanding understanding of this disease and its clinicopathologic correlations. An international consortium of behavioral neurology, neuropsychology, and movement disorders specialists developed new criteria based on consensus and a systematic literature review. Clinical diagnoses (early or late) were identified for 267 nonoverlapping pathologically confirmed CBD cases from published reports and brain banks. Combined with consensus, 4 CBD phenotypes emerged: corticobasal syndrome (CBS), frontal behavioral-spatial syndrome (FBS), nonfluent/agrammatic variant of primary progressive aphasia (naPPA), and progressive supranuclear palsy syndrome (PSPS). Clinical features of CBD cases were extracted from descriptions of 209 brain bank and published patients, providing a comprehensive description of CBD and correcting common misconceptions. Clinical CBD phenotypes and features were combined to create 2 sets of criteria: more specific clinical research criteria for probable CBD and broader criteria for possible CBD that are more inclusive but have a higher chance to detect other tau-based pathologies. Probable CBD criteria require insidious onset and gradual progression for at least 1 year, age at onset $50 years, no similar family history or known tau mutations, and a clinical phenotype of probable CBS or either FBS or naPPA with at least 1 CBS feature. The possible CBD category uses similar criteria but has no restrictions on age or family history, allows tau mutations, permits less rigorous phenotype fulfillment, and includes a PSPS phenotype.Future validation and refinement of the proposed criteria are needed. When first described, "corticodentatonigral degeneration with neuronal achromasia" was considered a distinct clinicopathologic entity, 1 eventually termed corticobasal degeneration (CBD). 2Clinicopathologic studies have since revealed that the originally described clinical features of CBD, now called corticobasal syndrome (CBS), are often due to other pathologies. As a pathologic diagnosis, CBD is characterized by widespread deposition of hyperphosphorylated 4-repeat tau in neurons and glia, the latter as astrocytic plaques, in specific topographic areas. 3 Despite various clinical diagnostic criteria (table e-1 on the Neurology ® Web site at www.neurology.org), 4-10 the pathology of CBD is predicted antemortem in only 25% to 56% of cases.11-17 Additionally, while these clinical criteria continue to be widely applied and cited, they reflect CBS alone and not the more recently recognized behavioral presentations of CBD.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Criteria for the diagnosis of corticobasal degeneration

et al. 2013

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“…A couple of small studies have examined simple saccadic metrics in the horizontal, vertical, and diagonal planes in patients with PD, MSA, pure akinesia, PSP, 77 and CBD. 41 It was found that compared with age-matched controls only patients with PSP had slow saccades (in any direction), and only patients with CBD had increased saccadic latency. Other parameters such as hypometria, vestibuloocular responses, and smooth pursuit did not discriminate between groups, although deviation of oblique saccades towards the horizontal plane was more marked in patients with pure akinesia and PSP.…”

Section: Differential Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 96%

“…[39][40][41] This was initially demonstrated in saccades executed to verbal command, 42 in the dark, 43 or to fixed targets. 37 Predictive saccades also show hypometria, in addition to difficulty in anticipating the stimulus, 36,44 and in unilaterally affected patients the abnormalities were found to be lateralized.…”

Section: Research Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocular motor abnormalities in neurodegenerative disorders

Antoniades

Kennard

2014

Eye

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Eye movements are a source of valuable information to both clinicians and scientists as abnormalities of them frequently act as clues to the localization of a disease process. Classically, they are divided into two main types: those that hold the gaze, keeping images steady on the retina (vestibulo-ocular and optokinetic reflexes) and those that shift gaze and redirect the line of sight to a new object of interest (saccades, vergence, and smooth pursuit). Here we will review some of the major ocular motor abnormalities present in neurodegenerative disorders.

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“…Ocular motor abnormalities play an important role in differential diagnoses of Pick complex diseases [5,16,32,37]. Supranuclear gaze deficits among Pick complex diseases occur with PSP, CBD, and FTD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Supranuclear gaze deficits among Pick complex diseases occur with PSP, CBD, and FTD. Many studies show slow saccades in PSP, especially in the vertical direction, even in early stages of the disease [32], a finding attributed to pathologic involvement of brainstem burst neurons [9,17,34]. Patients with CBD or FTD show relatively normal saccadic velocity but delayed initiation of saccades, which has been attributed to damage to cortical and subcortical structures for saccadic generation [5,32,37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%