Dynamic S-Box and PWLCM-Based Robust Watermarking Scheme

Abstract

Due to the increased number of cyberattacks, numerous researchers are motivated towards the design of such schemes that can hide digital information in a signal. Watermarking is one of the promising technologies that can protect digital information. However, traditional watermarking schemes are either slow or less secure. In this paper, a dynamic S-Box based efficient watermarking scheme is presented. The original image was extracted at the receiver’s end without any loss of sensitive information. Firstly, the Secure Hash Algorithm is applied to the original image for the generation of the initial condition. Piece Wise Linear Chaotic Map is then used to generate 16 $$\times$$ × 16 dynamic Substitution Box (S-Box). As an additional security feature, the watermark is substituted through dynamic S-Box. Hence, it is hard for the eavesdroppers to attack the proposed scheme due to the dynamic nature of S-Box. Lastly, lifting wavelet transform is applied to the host image and the High Low and High High blocks of host image are replaced with least significant bits and most significant bits of the substituted watermark, respectively. Robustness, efficiency and security of the proposed scheme is verified using Structure Similarity Index, Structure Dissimilarity Index, Structure Content, Mutual Information, energy, entropy, correlation tests and classical attacks analysis.

Privacy data protection scheme using memristive hyperchaos and multi-scale block compressive sensing

“…After some algebraic manipulations, it turns out that the five dimensional nonlinear system (shown in equation (8)) is characterized by five equilibria defined by equation (10).…”

“…After that, the authorized user is capable of reconstructing the private information carried by cipher image via the secret keys delivered in the secure channel, while the interceptor cannot recover the plain image without the correct keys. In addition, many privacy image protection schemes have been designed by virtue of the nonlinearity of chaotic system [3][4][5], neural network [6,7], cellular automata (CA) [8,9], substitution box [10][11][12] and optical transform [13,14]. For instance, in [15], Hua and his cooperators devised a novel two-dimensional Logistic Sine chaotic map with broader chaotic scope and better ergodic property, called as the 2D-LSM, which is employed in the confusion phase to confuse the positions of pixels with assistance of three-dimensional orthogonal Latin squares (3D-OLS).…”

Chaos Meets Cryptography: Developing an S-Box Design with the Rössler Attractor

“…Evaluation of test outcomes attests that the proposed image encryption algorithm excels in both security and speed for diverse image encryption applications. Furthermore, Khan et al introduced a dynamic S-box-based watermarking scheme in [27]. A piecewise linear chaotic map generates a 16 × 16 dynamic substitution box (S-box), enabling the extraction of the original image at the recipient's end without compromising sensitive information.…”

Multi-Chaos-Based Lightweight Image Encryption-Compression for Secure Occupancy Monitoring

“…In symmetric key cryptography, substitution is a nonlinear bijective function. Generally, m bits are given as an input to substitution box (S-Box), and as a result, n bit output is produced [ 27 , 28 ]. In case of digital images, the bijective function F : I ⟶ S maps each image pixel I to a unique value S as shown in Figure 2 .…”