Dynamic sensing using intelligent composite: an investigation to development of new pH sensors and electrochromic devices

A magenta polypyrrole derivatised with Methyl Red azo dye: synthesis and spectroelectrochemical characterisation

“…Similar results were found for Polyaniline (PAni) [59,60] and PPy [60,61] prepared by different methodologies, such as PAni nanocomposites [62], PAni-polyvinyl alcohol composite membranes [63], PAni nanofibers [64] and PPybromophenol blue composites [65], for pH determination in aqueous solutions and/or acid vapours. In such cases the colour variation was from green at pH = 4 through blue at pH = 7 and purple at pH = 12 for PAni [64], and from yellow in acidic medium (pH = 2) to blue in basic medium (pH = 10) for PPy-bromophenol blue composites [65].…”

Conducting polymers in chemical sensors and arrays

“…If the pK a (s) of a CP are sensitive to oxidation or reduction (this is the case for PANI and PI), the description of the equilibrium is more complicated [6]. The described pH dependent property changes in CP have therefore been used to develop potentiometric [10,11], conductometric [12][13][14][15] and optical [5,9,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] pH sensors. Conductometric CP based pH sensors are usually prepared by depositing a thin layer of a CP film between two or four metallic or graphite contacts.…”

Organic conductor: Influence of preparation temperature

“…These polymeric materials can be obtained in various forms like powders and thin films (Bhattacharya and De, 1996). In recent years, conducting polymer have been studied extensively because of their potential application in light emitting diodes (Friend et al, 1999), energy storage (Novak et al, 1997;Mermilliod and Tanguy, 1986;Osaka et al, 1987), energy conversion (Skotheim et al, 1982), electrochemical capacitors (Belanger et al, 2000), electrochromic devices (Gazotti et al, 1999), gas sensor (Talaie et al, 2000;Harris et al, 1997), electromagnetic interference shielding * Corresponding author. Tel.…”