Dynamic Spatial Formation and Distribution of Intrinsically Disordered Protein Droplets in Macromolecularly Crowded Protocells

Zhao, Hang; İbrahimova, Vüsala; Garanger, Élisabeth; Lecommandoux, Sébastien

doi:10.1002/ange.202001868

Cited by 24 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Shape control will allow us to design more accurate organelle mimics on demand and complements other efforts that are drawing us closer towards achieving protocellullar systems that possess the same order of complexity as real cells. 56,57 Currently, most of the literature has focused on how these new morphologies can improve the efficiency and utility of polymersome systems that were already in use. More emphasis should now be put towards using these morphologies for specific applications where those characteristics are desirable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bent out of shape: towards non‐spherical polymersome morphologies

Chidanguro

Simon

2021

Polymer International

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Polymersomes have gained a lot of attention in recent years. Their compartmentalized, hollow nature, stability and ability to transport both hydrophilic and hydrophobic cargo has made them attractive for increasingly complex applications in various fields of biomedicine, catalysis and diagnostics. Progress in these fields would therefore benefit from improvements in polymersome functionality. Recently, morphological control of polymersomes, namely the fabrication of various non-spherical morphologies, has emerged as a means to enhance the usefulness of the polymersomes. In the present review, we highlight the most topical trends in this field and how these developments and the newly acquired knowledge about their nature can be leveraged towards applications.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bent out of shape: towards non‐spherical polymersome morphologies

Chidanguro

Simon

2021

Polymer International

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“…Methylcellulose, actin Ring-shaped actin bundles assembled at the inner peripheries Water-in-oil droplets [36] FtsZ, PEG-8000, BSA, E. coli lysates FtsZ bundle formation in microdroplets Water-in-oil droplets [37] Actin Actin filaments aggregated into thick actin bundles within Giant unillamellar vesicles (GUVs) to deform GUVs into spindle shapes Giant unillamellar vesicles [38] PC, PE-PEG, cell-free protein-synthesis system of MreB The polymerization of the protein MreB at the inner membrane into a sturdy cytoskeleton capable of transforming spherical GUVs into elongated shapes Giant unillamellar vesicles [39] Endocytosis protein (Epsin1), green fluorescent protein Epsin1 or GFP were able to drive fission efficiently when bound to the membrane at high coverage Surface of phospholipid vesicle membrane [40] Membranes 2022, 12, 593 3 of 11 TPX2 protein, tubulin Phase separation of TPX2 and tubulin could underlie the tenfold improvement in the branching MT nucleation efficiency Phase-separated protein droplets [42] SPD-5 protein, ficoll, dextran, lysozyme Tubulin was concentrated 4-fold over background to promote tubulin nucleation Phase-separated protein droplets [43] Polyethylene glycol, dextran, actin, long DNA Actin bundles distributed across the phase interface, deforming the interface and pushing DNA to their ends Interfacial layer of liquid-liquid phase separation [44] Polyethylene glycol, dextran, ELP protein ELP protein droplets were distributed near the interface between the two phases Interfacial layer of liquid-liquid phase separation [9] Cell-free protein-synthesis system Green fluorescent protein was expressed Phospholipid vesicles [45] Ficoll, cell-free protein synthesis-system of cyan and yellow fluorescent protein…”

Section: Crowded System Physiological Function Of Crowding Effect Con...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cytoplasm of E. coli contains at least 50 different types of macromolecule, reflecting the diversity and complexity of intracellularly crowded macromolecules. All cellular biochemical processes, such as energy supply, gene expression, cell division, etc., take place in this highly crowded, confined space [8][9][10][11]. Therefore, the intracellular macromolecular crowding effect, also known as the excluded volume effect, is an important research field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress on Crowding Effect in Cell-like Structures

Zhang

Dong

et al. 2022

Membranes

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Several biological macromolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides, occupy about 30% of the space in cells, resulting in a crowded macromolecule environment. The crowding effect within cells exerts an impact on the functions of biological components, the assembly behavior of biomacromolecules, and the thermodynamics and kinetics of metabolic reactions. Cell-like structures provide confined and independent compartments for studying the working mechanisms of cells, which can be used to study the physiological functions arising from the crowding effect of macromolecules in cells. This article mainly summarizes the progress of research on the macromolecular crowding effects in cell-like structures. It includes the effects of this crowding on actin assembly behavior, tubulin aggregation behavior, and gene expression. The challenges and future trends in this field are presented at the end of the paper.

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“…Recently, Zhao et al combined both LLPS phenomena to design a new protocellular system. 103 By combining both APS and coacervation a crowded, dynamic environment with spatial control over its constituents and high-order complexity was obtained. It is clear by now that nature has some remarkable phenomena in store, which are not yet completely understood or utilized to their full capacity.…”

Section: Conclusion and Future Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring New Horizons in Liquid Compartmentalization via Microfluidics

Keller¹,

Teora²,

Boujemaa³

et al. 2021

Biomacromolecules

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Spatial organization of cellular processes is crucial to efficiently regulate life’s essential reactions. Nature does this by compartmentalization, either using membranes, such as the cell and nuclear membrane, or by liquid-like droplets formed by aqueous liquid–liquid phase separation. Aqueous liquid–liquid phase separation can be divided in two different phenomena, associative and segregative phase separation, of which both are studied for their membraneless compartmentalization abilities. For centuries, segregative phase separation has been used for the extraction and purification of biomolecules. With the emergence of microfluidic techniques, further exciting possibilities were explored because of their ability to fine-tune phase separation within emulsions of various compositions and morphologies and achieve one of the simplest forms of compartmentalization. Lately, interest in aqueous liquid–liquid phase separation has been revived due to the discovery of membraneless phases within the cell. In this Perspective we focus on segregative aqueous phase separation, discuss the theory of this interesting phenomenon, and give an overview of the evolution of aqueous phase separation in microfluidics.

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Dynamic Spatial Formation and Distribution of Intrinsically Disordered Protein Droplets in Macromolecularly Crowded Protocells

Abstract: Supporting information for this article is given via a link at the end of the document.

Cited by 24 publications

References 48 publications

Bent out of shape: towards non‐spherical polymersome morphologies

Bent out of shape: towards non‐spherical polymersome morphologies

Progress on Crowding Effect in Cell-like Structures

Exploring New Horizons in Liquid Compartmentalization via Microfluidics

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