Dynamic thickening investigation of the gelation process of PAM/PEI system at high temperature and high pressure

Qin, Yi; Cheng, Li; Zhang, Manlai; Liu, Yuli; Liao, Ruiquan

doi:10.1080/01932691.2016.1269652

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…El‐Karsani et al concluded that the gelation in the alkaline and acidic media is associated with slower gelation times compared with the cross‐linking in the neutral media. Looking into another article reported by Yi et al, the same pattern was also observed for PAM/PEI gel system neutral media . Gel was unable to be solidified under acid condition (pH 4).…”

Section: Factors That Affect Gelation Kineticssupporting

confidence: 74%

“…Meanwhile, short gelation time in acidic conditions is due to the hydrolysis that leads to the conversion of amide groups to carboxyl groups and the imidization that occurs between amide groups of intramolecular and intermolecular in acid media. 70 On the other hand, the hydrolysis is minimum at an initial pH value of 7 compared to the other cases. Theoretically, low hydrolysis rate minimizes the negative charge on PAM, resulting less polymer network stretching.…”

Section: Effect Of Temperaturementioning

confidence: 96%

“…The process of forming gel is referred to as gelation and is defined as the transition of molecules from local clustering to an extended cluster covering a macroscopic system which is escorted by singularities in the transport properties . The gelation process can be divided to 3 phases which are induction, reaction acceleration, and completed with equilibrium stage . In induction phases, the hydrolysis degree and the mobility of the chain of polymers increase as the temperature and pressure increase.…”

Section: Factors That Affect Gelation Kineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The carboxylate groups formed in hydrolysis enhances activity of amides which is adjoining to them (anchimeric effect). Meanwhile, short gelation time in acidic conditions is due to the hydrolysis that leads to the conversion of amide groups to carboxyl groups and the imidization that occurs between amide groups of intramolecular and intermolecular in acid media . On the other hand, the hydrolysis is minimum at an initial pH value of 7 compared to the other cases.…”

Section: Factors That Affect Gelation Kineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…69 The gelation process can be divided to 3 phases which are induction, reaction acceleration, and completed with equilibrium stage. 70,71 In induction phases, the hydrolysis degree and the mobility of the chain of polymers increase as the temperature and pressure increase. The consistency of gel system changes insignificantly in this regime due to only a small amount of covalent bonds form between polymer and cross-linker.…”

Section: Factors That Affect Gelation Kineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In situ organically cross‐linked polymer gel for high‐temperature reservoir conformance control: A review

Amir

Said

Jan

2018

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Polymer gel has been established as water‐blocking agents in oil recovery application. In this practice, a mixture known as gelant is injected into target area and set into a semisolid gel after a certain adequate time. Besides profile modification and water shutoff, the role of the polymer gel in conformance control is to block high permeability regions, before diverting injected water from high permeability to low permeability zones of the reservoir. It is to boost the oil displacement and sweep efficiency. This is the key to improve oil recovery in the heterogeneous oil reservoirs. However, very limited gels are applicable for harsh conditions, especially in high‐temperature reservoirs. Organically cross‐linked polymer is 1 of the materials for conformance control at high‐temperature reservoirs. Many experimental works and field applications have exhibited the potential of this technology. This paper presents a concise review on this polymer gel for conformance control at high‐temperature wells. Firstly, in situ organically cross‐linked polymer gel has been introduced, and the reason of the use over other types of polymer gels is summarized. The early studies of organically cross‐linked gel systems are also discussed, followed by the chemistry and the gelation mechanisms. An extensive review on factors that affect gelation kinetics and field applications is also discussed in some detail.

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Section: Factors That Affect Gelation Kineticssupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Effect Of Temperaturementioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Factors That Affect Gelation Kineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Factors That Affect Gelation Kineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Factors That Affect Gelation Kineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

In situ organically cross‐linked polymer gel for high‐temperature reservoir conformance control: A review

Amir

Said

Jan

2018

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Gelation kinetics of functionalized silica crosslinked polymeric gels used in conformance control applications

et al. 2021

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The potential crosslinking of three types of nitrogen-containing functionalized silica (TAAcONa, guanidine, and triamine) with polyacrylamide (PAM) has been investigated. Only triamine silica was able to crosslink with PAM, producing barely flowing gel with storage modulus of around 700 Pa. Micro differential scanning calorimeter (μDSC) analysis illustrated exothermic peaks indicating crosslinking of PAM with triamine and polyethyleneimine (PEI), with crosslinking onset temperatures of 80 C and 84 C. TGA analysis showed the thermal stability of the functionalized silica up to temperatures of more than 200 C. In the domain of study (up to 130 C), TAAcONa silica exhibited the highest weight loss of 5%. Different kinetic models were used to identify the degree of crosslinking and PAM/PEI has shown diffusion-controlled reaction unlike PAM/triamine-functionalized silica. The crosslinking mechanism of the new crosslinker is proposed to be similar to that of the PAM/PEI system. Yet, functionalized silica-based gels are more stable and possess higher strength.

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Highly stretchable, compressible, adhesive hydrogels with double network

Guo

Zeng

et al. 2021

J Polym Res

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In this work, a double network bovine serum albumin-polyacrylamide (BSA-PAM) adhesive hydrogel was fabricated, in which combination of physical interactions including hydrogen bonds and chain entanglements, and chemical covalent photo-crosslinking. The BSA-PAM hydrogel exhibited excellent mechanical and adhesive properties. The composite hydrogel not only demonstrated excellent tensile properties (maximum force elongation 1552%~2037%), but also displayed extremely high fatigue resistance even when subjected to compress strains of up to 85%. More importantly, the BSA-PAM hydrogel showed excellent adhesiveness to various substrates (90 kPa~150 kPa for glass and 9.74 kPa~35.09 kPa for pigskin). This work provided a facile way of fabricating tough, stretchable and adhesive BSA-PAM hydrogels.

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Dynamic thickening investigation of the gelation process of PAM/PEI system at high temperature and high pressure

Cited by 14 publications

References 20 publications

In situ organically cross‐linked polymer gel for high‐temperature reservoir conformance control: A review

In situ organically cross‐linked polymer gel for high‐temperature reservoir conformance control: A review

Gelation kinetics of functionalized silica crosslinked polymeric gels used in conformance control applications

Highly stretchable, compressible, adhesive hydrogels with double network

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